However, as he describes in Naturwissenschaften, when he and his team examined the area, they were stunned to discover a revenant from this cataclysm just 50 metres from the crater.

，正如他在《自科学》杂志上所说，当他和自己的团队对该区域进行调查时，在离火山仅50米的方发现了一棵劫后余生的松树，让他们震惊不已。

Thus, our picture of Venus at around the time life was getting started on Earth is one of warm oceans, probably rich with organic molecules splashing around rocky shores and volcanic vents.

因此，我们对于金星在球生命起源时候的刻画应该是一个温暖的洋，可能岩孔和火山附近喷溅出有机分子。

Till he almost felt himself to be voyaging bodily through its wild scenes, standing on its hollow hills, traversing its deserts, descending its vales and old sea bottoms, or mounting to the edges of its craters.

他一直望着，仿佛觉得自己好像是亲身在那荒野境旅行，驻足空山，穿过荒漠，走下谷和古老的底，登上火山的边缘。

But in 1996, and with the help of dynamite, they managed to build a tunnel, and now even a child can overcome the path to the bottom of the crater.

但在1996年，有了炸药的帮助，人们建成了一条道，现在，即便是孩子也能穿过这条路，到达火山底部。

So, as that lava drops into the crater and into the basically a water table, let's talk about what could potentially happen as far as this explosive eruption here as we check in with our volcano.

所以，当熔岩进入火山，进入到一个下水位时，我们来讨论一下火山爆发时可能发生的事情。

We can see the steam breathing from the crater.

我们可以看到火山喷出的蒸汽。

Major types include stratovolcanoes which often appear as tall steep mountains, shield volcanoes which are flatter and dome-shaped, calderas which are large depressions in the ground and mid-ocean ridges which are underwater chains of volcanic mountains.

层状火山，通常看起来像陡峭的高山；盾状火山，平坦呈圆顶状；火山，上的大洼；大洋中脊，底的火山山脉。

This is Mount Visoke, with a small crater lake in its summit at 3,700 meters.

这是比苏奇火山，高度 3700公尺的 顶峰上有个火山湖。

This volcano is remarkable in that its crater contains an active lava lake.

这座火山的突出之处在于它的火山里有一个活跃的熔岩湖。

Then we transitioned from that crater floor into the sedimentary deposits and now we're here in sandstones, conglomerates, mud stones, the kinds of rocks that are deposited by flowing water.

后我们从火山底部过渡到沉积沉积物，现在我们在这里看到了砂岩，砾岩，泥石，这些是由流水沉积的岩石。

Hurry! We must get to the crater!

快点！我们必须赶到火山！

These volcanoes do have their differences with Mercury's cinder cones.

这些火山跟水星上会有所不同。

A crater is a large bowl-shaped area on top of a volcano.

火山是火山顶部的一个大碗状区域。

Well, it's obvious, really, with a huge eruption such as this where enormous amounts of material have exploded into the air, the summit falls into what is now an empty chamber and thus forms a large crater.

很明显，在这样一次大规模的喷发中大量的物质爆炸到空气中，山顶会落入现在的空腔中形成一个巨大的火山。

A ceremony will take place at the top of an extinct volcano in the west of Iceland later today to mark the loss of the glacier that once spilled from the crater.

今天晚些时候，冰岛将在西部一座死火山顶部将举行仪式，纪念位于火山的冰川的消失。

A picture from the lunar explorer shows a small crater on a barren surface.

这张来自月球探测器的照片显示了贫瘠表上的一个小火山。

So you'd start in the coldest room, the frigidarium, and then you moved to the tepidarium, which is a warmer room, before finally going to the caldarium, which was the hottest room where you'd be able to get a hot bath.

所以你会从最冷的房间开始，冷水浴室，后你搬到温水浴室，这是一个更温暖的房间，最后去火山，这是最热的房间，你可以在那里洗个热水澡。

No one lives in the immediate area of the summit crater.

火山附近没有人居住。

This is Ijen crater, one of the most poisonous places on Earth.

这里是夷真火山，球上毒性最强的方。

The site chosen for this grand exploration is the Jezero Crater.

这次探测选择的点是杰泽罗火山。