All the other naming rules apply to alkenes and alkynes too.

所有其他的命名适用于烯烃和炔烃。

So, three words representing three different groups of organic compounds. Alkanes for all single bonds, alkenes if they contain double bonds, and alkynes if they contain one or more triple bonds.

因此，这三个词分别代表三类不同的有机化合物。烷烃是指所有键均为单键的化合物；烯烃是指含有双键的化合物；炔烃是指含有一个或多个三键的化合物。

That would create one of the world's biggest makers of polyolefin plastics, which would be listed and owned in equal parts by OMV and ADNOC.

这将创建世界上最大的聚烯烃塑料生产商之一，该生产商将由OMV和阿布扎比国家石公司以同等比例持股并上市。

The fatty acid chains, they have long hydrocarbon chains, are what we're mostly concerned with here. They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes even rarely alkynes.

脂肪酸链具有长的碳氢链，这是我们主要关注的部分。它们可以是烷烃或烯烃，有是罕见的炔烃。

You also learned a little bit about cis-trans isomerism and learned a few important reactions of alkenes and alkynes such as hydrogenation, halogenation, and polymerization.

你还了解了一点关于顺反异构体的知识，并学习了一些烯烃和炔烃的重要反应，如氢化、卤化和聚合。

They can be alkanes or alkenes, sometimes, even rarely, alkynes.

它们可以是烷烃或烯烃，有是罕见的炔烃。

All the other naming rules apply to alkenes and alkynes too. For instance, the main carbon chain, the longest one, is numbered in such a way that the various components, including the double bond, have the lowest numbers possible.

所有其他命名同样适用于烯烃和炔烃。例如，主碳链（即最长碳链）的编号方式应使包括双键在内的各个组成部分具有尽可能低的编号。

It's a polymerized alkene, but the molecule itself is an alkane.

它是聚合烯烃， 但分子本身是烷烃。

Now, the bonds in alkenes have a few tricks up their sleeves.

现在，烯烃中的化学键有一些特殊的技巧。

Now, the bonds in alkenes have a few tricks up their sleeves, not as simple as you might imagine. Single bonds, also called sigma bonds, are pretty simple, and carbon atoms attached by them can rotate around the bond freely.

现在，烯烃中的键有一些复杂之处，并不像你可能想象的那样简单。单键，称为σ键，相当简单，通过它们连接的碳原子可以自由地绕键旋转。

If they've got a double bond, we call them alkenes, and those with triple bonds are alkynes.

如果它们含有双键，我们称它们为烯烃，而含有三键的称为炔烃。

How do you remember which is which? Well, I have a trick that I use. There's only one letter changing here. A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

如何记住它们各自代表什么？我有个小技巧。这里只有一个字母在变化：烷烃（alkanes）中的 A 变为烯烃（alkenes）中的 E，再变为炔烃（alkynes）中的 Y。

There's only one letter changing here: A in alkanes changes to E for alkenes and then to Y for alkynes.

这里只有一个字母在变化：烷烃中的A变成了烯烃中的E，然后再变成炔烃中的Y。

Just to note to avoid confusion: polyethylene has that " -ene" sound in it, right, but it's not an alkene because all those double bonds get broken to form new sigma bonds.

请注意以避免混淆：聚乙烯中有“-ene” 的发音，对吧，但它不是烯烃，因为所有这些双键都会断裂形成新的 sigma 键。

That may not sound like a big deal at first, but alkenes and alkynes don't have that kind of freedom, and that simple fact has a huge affect on their properties.

这乍一听可能不算什么大不了的事，但烯烃和炔烃就没有这种自由度， 这个简单的事实对其性质产生了巨大影响。

Cycloalkenes also start at three carbons and get increasingly stable as more are added, though their double bonds make their molecules plainer instead of tetrahedral.

环烯烃从三个碳原子开始， 并且随着添加更多碳原子而变得越来越稳定，尽管它们的双键使它们的分子更简单而不是四面体。

Alkenes can be made into alkanes and alkynes can become either alkenes or alkanes depending on how many atoms are added.

烯烃可以转化为烷烃，而炔烃可以根据添加的原子数量变成烯烃或烷烃。

If you paid attention, you learned that hydrocarbons with double bonds are called alkenes and those with triple bonds are called alkynes and that the naming rules are the same as for alkanes.

如果你注意听了，你应该知道带有双键的碳氢化合物称为烯烃， 带有三键的称为炔烃， 而且它们的命名与烷烃相同。

That may not sound like a big deal at first, but alkenes and alkynes don't have that kind of freedom, and that simple fact has a huge effect on their properties.

起初这听起来可能没什么大不了的，但烯烃和炔烃并不具备这种自由度，而这一简单事实对它们的性质产生了巨大影响。

Well we know that they're unsaturated alkenes because saturated fats don't have double bonds, and thus, can't have cis- and trans- isomers.

我们知道它们是不饱和烯烃， 因为饱和脂肪没有双键，因此不会有顺式和反式异构体。