This is the United States of America in the 21st century, not some oppressive patriarchal regime.

这是21世纪的国啊，不是某些压迫人的父系政权。

AT FIRST glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving.

父系现在咋一看似乎正兴盛。

So, in Britain, patrilineal surnames go down through the male line, down through the generations.

所以，在英国，父系姓氏是由男性代代相传的。

They could work out ancestry through the male line with the nice, tripartite names such as Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus.

他们通过父系中好听的三重名追溯祖先，例如，Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus。

Hatshepsut had perhaps tried to adapt to this belief in the link between order and patriarchy through her titles.

哈特谢普苏特可能尝试过用她的名称适应这种规则和父系密相连的信仰。

Locale, a mill village according to the great paternal system of American industry.

Locale， 国工业的伟大父系制度， 一个磨坊村。

Along the patrilineal line, there is no upper limit, so the right goes back to 1861 and the creation of Italy.

沿着父系的关系，没有上限，这一权利可追溯到1861年以及意大利建国。

This particular gene is passed down through the male line.

【line】这一特定的基因是通过父系遗传的。

First of all, " Boyfriend" is a label of the patriarchy.

首先 " 男朋友" 是父系的标签。

So some clusters of cells express the maternal X chromosome, while others express the paternal X.

所以一些细胞簇表达母系 X 染色体，而另一些则表达父系 X 染色体。

Most societies, however, are patrilineal, meaning that they trace kinship through the father.

然而，大多数都是父系，这意味着他们通过父亲来追溯亲属关系。

(Laughter) However, this 1.9 percent error rate in patrilineal connections is not unique to our data.

（笑声） 然而，父系关系中 1. 9% 的错误率并不是我们数独有的。

As far back as I have been able to ascertain, my ancestors on the paternal side were slaves in Rhode Island.

我所知，我父系的祖先是罗德岛的奴隶。

The first half of the book is an overlong tour of theories of maternal and paternal contributions to heredity since the late nineteenth century.

这本书的前半部分是对自 19 世纪末以来母系和父系对遗传的贡献的理论的超长漫游。

While patrilineal traditions, like passing on the father’s last name to children, persist, most families in industrial societies trace descent through both men and women.

虽然父系传统（如将父亲的姓氏传给孩子）仍然存在，但工业中的大多数家庭都通过男性和女性来追溯血统。

12. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a father's line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers.

12. 然而，大多数血统测试只考虑单一血统，要么是通过父系男性遗传的 Y 染色体，要么是仅从母亲遗传下来的线粒体 DNA。

Some of these inequalities might be obvious, based on what we’ve talked about already – like patrilineal lines of descent that make it impossible for women to hold wealth or gain power.

我们已经讨论过的内容，这些不平等中的一些可能是显而易见的——比如父系血统使得女性不可能拥有财富或获得权力。

" M'Lord Baron." The man who stood outside the doorfield of the Baron's bedchamber was low built, gross of face and body, with the Harkonnen paternal line's narrow-set eyes and bulge of shoulders.

“男爵大人。 ” 站在男爵卧室门外的男人身材矮小，脸和身体都很粗糙， 长着哈克南父系的窄眼和隆起的肩膀。