They were known to get a mild disease called cowpox.

人们发现，她们会得一种叫做牛痘的轻微疾病。

The antibodies produced to fight the cowpox bacteria had been able to fight off the smallpox bacteria.

为对抗牛痘细菌而产生的抗体已经能够对抗天花细菌。

However, this disease was quite mild by comparison and those who contracted cowpox were then immune to smallpox.

然而，相比之下，这种疾病相当温和，那些感染了牛痘的人对天花有免疫力。

He conducted an experiment by injecting a child with a small amount of pus taken from a cowpox pustule.

他进行了一项实验，给一孩子注射了少量牛痘脓疱中的脓液。

And the scientific term for cowpox is at the heart of our story about the English word, " vaccine" .

牛痘的科学术语是关于英语词" vaccine（疫苗）" 的故事的核心。

This virus is a much more hazardous cousin of chickenpox and cowpox.

这种病毒是水痘和牛痘的一险的近亲。

Cowpox gave you sores like the smallpox, but just a few on your hand.

牛痘会在你的手上造成类似天花的溃疡，但只有几。

People who were given a dose of cowpox never got sick with smallpox.

接种牛痘的人从未患过天花。

His own self-published booklet, An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae, was initially ignored by the medical community.

他自己出版的小册子《关于牛痘病毒接种的原因与结果调查》一开始遭到了医学界忽视。

It worked by infecting people with pus from pox lesions caused by similar but far less pernicious conditions, like cowpox.

它的工作原理是用类似但害性小得多的病症（如牛痘）引起的痘病灶的脓液感染人。

They learn the secret moves that fight cowpox.

它们学会了对抗牛痘的秘密招数。

For example, when someone gets sick with cowpox, their immune cells learn to fight the cowpox germ.

例如，当有人感染了牛痘，他们的免疫细胞就会学会对抗牛痘病原体。

I hope that someday the practice of producing cowpox in human beings will spread over the world.

我希望有一天给人接种牛痘的做法能够遍及全世界。

Not every germ has a weaker version, like the smallpox-cowpox story.

并非每种病原体都有一较弱的版本，就像天花和牛痘的故事一样。

And the concept was that she was getting infected with a zoonosis, that is, with naturally occurring cowpox, not smallpox.

其概念是她感染了人畜共患病，即自然发生的牛痘， 而不是天花。

Well, the cow pox virus had proteins on its surface that looked enough like the small pox virus so that it actually made antibodies.

嗯，牛痘病毒表面上的蛋白质与天花病毒非常相似，以至于它们实际上产生了抗体。

1798. In An Enquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Varioli Vaccini, Edward Jenner explains his life-saving technique of vaccination against the deadly smallpox.

1798. 在《对牛痘原因和效果的探究》中，爱德华·詹纳解释了他拯救生命的天花疫苗接种技术。

He took material from the udder of an infected cow and used a small needle to introduce it into the arms of his wife and two sons.

他从感染了牛痘的奶牛乳房上取了一些物质，并用一根小针将其引入妻子和两儿子的手臂中。

A British physician, Jenner, noticed that milkmaids who had been infected, not from smallpox, but from a related virus called cowpox - they were pretty immune from getting smallpox.

一位英国医师詹纳注意到，那些感染过牛痘而非天花的挤奶女工，对天花具有较强的免疫力。

For me, it was the literary equivalent of a smallpox vaccination: I have never, so far as I know, used the word zestful in a novel or a story. God willing, I never will.

对我来说，这就像注射了文学意义上的牛痘，终生对天花免疫：据我知道，我写短篇也好，长篇也罢，从来没有用过“热情的”这词，总是尽力避免。