Ryan, these same technologies, synthetic biology and so forth, like in principle, they allow actual de-extinction, species that the planet hasn't seen for years, in principle, we could bring back.

瑞恩，这些相技术、合成生学等等，好像原则上，它们能实现真正复活，比如地球上多年未见，原则上，我们可以让它们重现。

The book has some pretty counter intuitive arguments, like that risks from new technology, such as AI and synthetic biology, are at least as grave as those from climate change.

这本书有许多相当反直觉论点，举个例子，人工智能与合成生学这类新科技风险和气候变化风险一样严重。

Benjamin Nettersheim, a geobiologist at the University of Bremen in Germany, Jochen Brocks, a palaeobiogeochemist at the Australian National University in Canberra, and their colleagues decided to focus on short-lived molecules that modern eukaryotes make while synthesizing sterols.

德国不莱梅大学地球生学家本杰明·内特谢姆、澳大利亚国立大学堪培拉分校古生地球化学家约翰·布洛克斯及其事决定将重点放在现代真核生合成类固醇时产生短寿命分子上。

Finally, it needs iron to thrive and replicate, so it produces a siderophore, which is a term used for a group of small, high-affinity, iron chelating compounds that snatch iron from host cells.

最后，它需要人体内铁元素来繁殖，所以它形成一“铁载体”；铁载体是指微生合成并分泌螯合铁、用于摄取铁元素低分子量化合，他们可以与宿主细胞竞争铁元素。

Synthetic biology smacks to many of " playing God" : regulators will have a big say in how quickly the technology is adopted.

很多人会觉得合成生学有" 扮演上" 彩，监管机构对这一技术普及速度将有很大话语权。

Synthetic biologists can program bacteria to sense those conditions, and by doing so, respond to tumors while avoiding healthy tissue.

合成生学家们可以让细菌对这些条件敏感，因此使得细菌只对肿瘤反应，从而避开健康组织。

Jay Keasling is a synthetic biologist at U.C. Berkeley, who has previously programmed yeast to cheaply produce antimalarial drugs.

杰伊·基斯林是加州大学伯克利分校合成生学家，他曾为酵母编程，以廉价生产抗疟疾药。

We're also using synthetic biology to design a candidate vaccine for COVID-19.

我们也在使用合成生学设计 COVID-19 备选疫苗。

But the team's approach — using hypotheses about the evolution of biosynthetic pathways to guide the search for ancient life — could reveal more about early life, she adds.

但她补充说，该团队方法——使用关于生合成途径进化假设来指导对古代生命探索——可以揭示更多关于早期生命信息。

This idea of programming bacteria to sense and respond in novel ways is a major focus of a field called Synthetic Biology.

此类通过基因编程细菌活细胞作为治疗手段新颖方式是目前合成生学中一个备受关注领域。

There are challenges: ensuring the safety of these technologies, investing billions and billions of dollars to build the production facilities and supply chains for biofuels and synthetic fuels.

确保这些技术安全，投资数百亿美元，为生燃料和合成燃料建立生产设施和供应链。

Over a century later, synthetic biologists have found an even better way to use these once unlikely allies — by programming them to safely deliver drugs directly to tumors.

一个世纪之后，合成生学家发现了更好治疗手段，他们利用了看似不可能盟友——通过人为编程细菌帮助，使药安全并直接地送至肿瘤处。

Can you build your own synthetic biology, synthetic cyborgs?

你能做出你自己合成生，合成改造人吗？

In my lab, we're using the tools of artificial intelligence and synthetic biology to speed up the fight against this pandemic.

在我实验室中，我们正在使用人工智能和合成生学工具，加快与这场疫情战斗。

For instance, synthetic biology seeks to write biology as a design problem.

例如，合成生学试图将生学写成一个设计问题。

I was filming for a documentary about microbes and synthetic biology.

普尔基斯：我当时正在为一部关于微生和合成生学纪录片拍摄。

You do that with genetic engineering and synthetic biology.

你可以用基因工程和合成生学来做到这一点。

Zymergen, another synthetic biology lighthouse, whenever they design a product, use a ruthless design-to-cost approach.

Zymergen，另一个合成生学灯塔，每当他们设计产品时，都会使用无情设计成本方法。

Today, I'm the creative director at a synthetic biology company called Ginkgo Bioworks.

今天，我是合成生学公司银杏生工厂创意总监。

And we're even looking at the tools for synthetic biology.

我们甚至正在研究合成生学工具。