Tobacco contains an alkaloid called nicotine.

有一种叫做尼古丁的物碱。

It's hard to know exactly why we evolved to be better at digesting theobromine, but it might be because alkaloids mostly come from plants, and our ancestors ate a lot more plants than early cats or dogs did.

我们很难确切了解为什么我们的身体会进化成能较容易消化可可碱，有可能是因为物碱大部分都来自植物，而我们的祖先吃的植物比以前的猫和狗所吃的植物多很多。

The bitter alkaloid that has this formula is caffeine.

种苦味物碱的配方是咖啡因。

That's an alkaloid—so it's in the same class of molecules as caffeine and nicotine.

那是一种物碱——与咖啡因和尼古丁属于同一类分子。

But a series of experiments revealed that although these caterpillars only have four tastebuds, one is specifically tuned to pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and it is specifically activated to make the toxic chemicals taste better when the caterpillar is sick with parasites.

但一系列实验表明，虽然些毛毛虫只有四个味蕾，但其中一个味蕾专门针对吡咯里西啶物碱，当毛毛虫感染寄虫时，它会被专门激活，使有毒化学物质的味道更好。

On top of this, alkaloids from the vine have been shown to induce apoptosis in mice melanoma cells and certain liver cancer cells in humans.

除此之外，卡皮木藤条的物碱已被证实能促进小鼠黑素瘤细胞和人类的某些肝癌细胞凋亡。

While alkaloids as a whole are a broader group of naturally occurring organic compounds, defined by having at least one nitrogen atom.

而物碱作为一个整体是一个更广泛的自然存在的有机化合物组，定义为至少有一个氮原子。

And it's capable of producing a whole soup of compounds called alkaloids, which can have a variety of effects on the human body.

它能一系列被称为物碱的化合物，些化合物对人体有多种不同的影响。

A group of drugs known as the vinca alkaloids, commonly included in chemotherapy regimens, are derived from Madagascar periwinkle.

常在化疗方案中看到的一种被称为长春花物碱的药物，是从马达加斯加的长春花中提取的。

Like caffeine, theobromine is a type of alkaloid, which is a huge class of molecules that generally contain rings with at least one nitrogen atom in them, and alkaloids often have physiological effects on humans and other animals.

和咖啡因一样，可可碱属于物碱的一种，物碱是相当大的一类分子，一般来说它的环中会包至少一个氮原子，物碱通常会使人类及其他动物理作用。

It's native to India and Southeast Asia, and its bark contains a poison called brucine, but the real lethality comes from the trees round green-to-orange fruit which contains the alkaloid strychnine.

马钱子原印度与东南亚，它的树皮富称为 Brucine 的有毒物碱。但真正会死人的部分是马钱子-圆圆的，绿色到橙色的果实有有毒物碱：马钱子碱。

Now, from a chemical perspective, caffeine can be described as both a methylxanthine and an alkaloid.

从化学角度来看，咖啡因既可以被描述为甲基黄嘌呤，也可以被描述为物碱。

Alkaloids have many functions and effects, but almost all a bitter in taste.

物碱有许多功能和作用，但几乎所有的苦味。

Indoline Alkaloids blocked the ability of the Ebola virus to replicate itself.

二氢吲哚物碱阻止了埃博拉病毒自我复制的能力。

In the late 19th century, a tabloid was a type of medicine, a mixture of tablet and alkaloid in a condensed tablet, meaning made up of two or more parts or ingredients.

在19世纪末， 小报是一种药物，由药片和物碱混合而成的一种浓缩药片，意思是包两种或更多部分或成分。

And it's quite possible that alkaloid levels of the current trees are lower than we could find 200 years ago in natural forests.

现在树木中的物碱量很可能低于 200 年前天然森林中的物碱量。

They also experimented with local anaesthetics applied to smaller areas of the body, and initially used the South American alkaloid cocaine.

他们还试验了应用于身体较小区域的局部麻醉剂，并最初使用了南美的物碱可卡因。

The plants produce this alkaloid in order to protect them against insects and from other plants growing too close to them.

植物种物碱是为了保护它们免受昆虫和其他长在它们附近的植物的侵害。

Think of the molecular target of a neurotoxic alkaloid as a lock, and the alkaloid itself as the key.

将神经毒性物碱的分子靶标想象成一把锁，将物碱本身想象成钥匙。

It's a mild natural stimulant, a type of alkaloid.

它是一种温和的天然兴奋剂，一种物碱。