Tobacco contains an alkaloid called nicotine.

烟草含有一种叫做尼古丁的物碱。

This is the chemical formula for what alkaloid?

这是什么物碱的化学式？

The bitter alkaloid that has this formula is caffeine.

这种苦味物碱的配方是咖啡因。

That's an alkaloid—so it's in the same class of molecules as caffeine and nicotine.

那是一种物碱——与咖啡因和尼古丁属于同一类分子。

Alkaloids have many functions and effects, but almost all a bitter in taste.

物碱有许多功能和作用，但几乎所有的苦味。

Now, from a chemical perspective, caffeine can be described as both a methylxanthine and an alkaloid.

从化学角度来看，咖啡因既可被描甲基，也可被描物碱。

A group of drugs known as the vinca alkaloids, commonly included in chemotherapy regimens, are derived from Madagascar periwinkle.

常在化疗方案中看到的一种被称长春花物碱的药物，是从马达加斯加的长春花中提取的。

The hopper's diet shifts to include plants with toxic alkaloids.

跳跃者的饮食转变包括含有有毒物碱的植物。

Indoline Alkaloids blocked the ability of the Ebola virus to replicate itself.

二氢吲哚物碱阻止了埃博拉病毒自我复制的能力。

It's a mild natural stimulant, a type of alkaloid.

它是一种温和的天然兴奋剂，一种物碱。

Think of the molecular target of a neurotoxic alkaloid as a lock, and the alkaloid itself as the key.

将神经毒性物碱的分子靶标想象成一把锁，将物碱本身想象成钥匙。

While alkaloids as a whole are a broader group of naturally occurring organic compounds, defined by having at least one nitrogen atom.

而物碱作一个整体是一个更广泛的自然存在的有机化合物组，定义至少有一个氮原子。

The plants produce this alkaloid in order to protect them against insects and from other plants growing too close to them.

植物产这种物碱是了保护它们免受昆虫和其他长在它们附近的植物的侵害。

On top of this, alkaloids from the vine have been shown to induce apoptosis in mice melanoma cells and certain liver cancer cells in humans.

除此之外，卡皮木藤条的物碱已被证实能促进小鼠黑素瘤细胞和人类的某些肝癌细胞凋亡。

Despite all the sweet tasting things that we tend to put into caffeinated beverages caffeine itself is a bitter, white, powdery alkaloid.

尽管我们倾向于在含咖啡因的饮料中加入所有甜味的东西，但咖啡因本身是一种苦的、白色的粉状物碱。

These tiny animals defend themselves using hundreds of bitter-tasting compounds called alkaloids that they accumulate from consuming small arthropods like mites and ants.

这些微小的动物使用数百种称物碱的苦味化合物来保护自己，这些化合物是通过食用螨虫和蚂蚁等小型节肢动物而积累的。

It's native to India and Southeast Asia, and its bark contains a poison called brucine, but the real lethality comes from the trees round green-to-orange fruit which contains the alkaloid strychnine.

马钱子原产印度与东南亚，它的树皮富含称 Brucine 的有毒物碱。但真正会死人的部分是马钱子-圆圆的，绿色到橙色的果实含有有毒物碱：马钱子碱。

One of their most potent alkaloids is the chemical epibatidine, which binds to the same receptors in the brain as nicotine but is at least ten times stronger.

他们最有效的物碱之一是化学 epibatidine，它与大脑中与尼古丁相同的受体结合，但至少强十倍。

Like caffeine, theobromine is a type of alkaloid, which is a huge class of molecules that generally contain rings with at least one nitrogen atom in them, and alkaloids often have physiological effects on humans and other animals.

和咖啡因一样，可可碱属于物碱的一种，物碱是相当大的一类分子，一般来说它的环中会包含至少一个氮原子，物碱通常会使人类及其他动物产理作用。

For poison dart frogs and many other animals with neurotoxic defenses, a few genetic changes alter the structure of the alkaloid-binding site just enough to keep the neurotoxin from exerting its adverse effects.

对于箭毒蛙和许多其他具有神经毒素防御能力的动物来说，一些遗传变化改变了物碱结合位点的结构，足阻止神经毒素发挥其不利影响。