Nonylphenols or phthalates aren't due to regular human activity?

壬基酚或邻苯二是来源于人类的日常活动？

Studies have shown about 100% of Americans have phthalates in their body.

研究表面，所有的美国人体内都含有邻苯二。

Phthalates as a class are called anti-androgens.

邻苯二作为一类被称为抗雄激素。

Then we also have a few phthalates that exceed the limits set out by EU quality standards.

还有一些邻苯二——也超出了欧盟质量标准的限制。

What we know is that a group of substances, the phthalates represent a threat to our health.

们知道，一组物质，邻苯二，能对们的健康构成威胁。

They include things you might have heard of, like phthalates, that have also been associated with lots of harmful health outcomes.

它们包括你可能说的东西，比如邻苯二，它也与许多有害的健康后果有关。

Our use of plastics and microplastics is causing phthalates to enter into people's systems.

们使用塑料和微塑料的行为正导致邻苯二进入人体系统。

Yeah, but then we're doing glyphosate, some other agrochemicals, and then maybe a few phthalates, bisphenols.

是的，们还在检测草甘膦、其他一些农药，以及可能还有少数邻苯二和双酚类物质。

Those phthalates are there of course, to make plastic more flexible and durable, but they are known endocrine disruptors.

这些邻苯二当然存在是为了让塑料更柔韧和耐用，但它们是已知的内分泌干扰物。

Are there no phthalates, et cetera?

是否含邻苯二等其他有害物质？

Okay, we'll talk about BPS as well as phthalates, which are something that make plastic and other containers more durable and more flexible.

好的， 们将讨论BPS以及邻苯二，后者是一种使塑料及其他容器更加耐用和柔韧的物质。

So the point is that BPAs, BPSs and phthalates are not good for endocrine function and they are present in

因此，关键在于双酚A（BPAs）、双酚S（BPSs）和邻苯二对内分泌功能利，并且它们广泛存在于几乎所有塑料制品中，除非产品明确标注含BPA或所有邻苯二已被移除，否则它们还存在于除草剂等其他物质中。

Well, these phthalates are things that are included in plastics that house liquids and foods that we eat or that we cook with.

这些邻苯二，实际上是被包含在那些盛装液体和食物的塑料制品中的物质，这些食物可能是们直接食用的，或者是们烹饪时使用的。

The microplastics and nanoplastics can act as what are called vectors or carriers of things like BPAs, BPSs, phthalates, and forever chemicals, okay?

微塑料和纳米塑料可以充当所谓的载体或媒介，携带诸如双酚A、双酚S、邻苯二以及永久性化学物质等物质，明白了吗？

I don't store any foods in plastic because these contain phthalates and hormone disrupting things that are going to result in hormones being off low testosterone.

把食物存放在塑料容器中，因为这些容器含有邻苯二和其他扰乱激素的物质，会导致激素失衡，包括低睾酮水平。

So typically, my understanding is-one rule of thumb is that harder, sturdier plastic is maybe shedding fewer phthalates than the very flexible ones, but they could be shedding other compounds of concern.

一般来说，的理解是，有个经验法则，更硬、更坚固的塑料可能比非常柔韧的塑料脱落的邻苯二更少，但它们可能会脱落其他让人担忧的化合物。

And it was clear from this study that elevated levels of phthalates, that is phthalate metabolites are associated with lower testosterone levels in all those populations.

从这项研究可以明确看出，邻苯二（即邻苯二代谢物）水平升高与所有这些人群中较低的睾酮水平有关。

So there's a study, I'll put a link to in the show note captions that's entitled urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with decreased serum testosterone.

因此，有一项研究，将在节目注释中附上链接， 该研究题为《尿中邻苯二代谢物与血清睾酮水平下降相关》。 这项研究针对的是男性、女性及儿童的血液样本。

And one of the things that's holding that fragrance in there is a type of chemical called a phthalate and phthalates have been found to be associated with adverse health outcomes.

其中一种含有这种香味的物质是一种叫做邻苯二的化学物质，已发现邻苯二与良健康结果有关。

Now, the study also interestingly shows that in, quote, adult men, the only significant or suggestive inverse association between phthalate metabolites and testosterone were observed among men 40 to 60 years old.

现在，这项研究还有趣地显示，在所谓的成年男性中， 只有40到60岁的男性体内， 邻苯二代谢物与睾酮之间存在显著或暗示性的逆相关关系。