Mixxie has a condition we call Diaphragmatic hernia.

Mixxie 得了我们称之为膈疝的病。

His campaign said it was a severe internal hernia, and that the surgery was successful.

他的竞选团队称这是严重的腹股沟疝，手术很成功。

The most common signs of the tonsillar herniation are headache and neck stiffness.

体疝最常见的症状是头痛与颈项强直。

These lungs have started to reinflate and it's diaphragmatic hernia is repaired.

这些肺已开始重新膨胀，它的膈疝得到了修复。

Diagnosis is done by a CT or MRI, and treatment includes options like decompressive craniectomy and osmotic therapy.

脑疝的诊断主要通过CT和MRI；治疗主要包括开颅减手术或渗透药物治疗。

This is particularly dangerous because the displaced cerebellum can push onto the brainstem affect neurons responsible for breathing and cardiac function.

这种情况尤其危险，因为疝出的小脑会挤脑干，影响负责呼吸和心脏功能的神元。

In upward herniation, there's a displacement of the cerebellum upward, through a notch in the tentorium cerebelli, while in tonsillar herniation, parts of the cerebellum slip down through an opening in the skull called the foramen magnum.

小脑幕切上疝指的是小脑过小脑幕切上挤；小脑体下疝指的则是小脑部分组织过枕骨大孔下疝出。

Brain herniation typically results from increased intracranial pressure.

一般来说，脑疝的主要原因是颅内增高。

In tonsillar herniation, parts of the cerebellum, called cerebellar tonsils, slip down through an opening in the skull called the foramen magnum.

在体疝中，小脑的一部分，即小脑体，过枕骨大孔挤推出颅骨。

And that can lead to brain herniation.

这就会导致脑疝的发生。

The team at UCL also grew organoids from fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, a birth defect that compresses the lungs and prevents them from properly developing as a child grows in the womb.

伦敦大学学院的研究小组还培育了患有先天性膈疝的胎儿的类器官，先天性膈疝是一种出生缺陷， 会迫肺部， 导致婴儿在子宫内成长时无法正常发育。

And infratentorial herniations can compress the vital area in the brain stem that controls consciousness, respiration, and heart rate.

幕上脑疝可能迫脑的供养动脉，造成脑缺血梗死；枕骨大孔疝可能迫脑干的生命中枢，即控制意识、呼吸和心率的部位。

Treatment of increased intracranial pressure and brain herniation is aimed at reducing the pressure within the skull.

颅内增高和脑疝的治疗主要目的是降低颅内。

In this herniation the brain squeezes out of the skull through a fracture or surgical site during an operation.

在这种脑疝中，脑部组织通过颅骨的裂口或手术的开口疝出颅骨外部。

So, brain herniation can be caused by either a focal mass effect, like the arterial bleed, or a diffuse mass effect, depending on whether the problem is in one area or involves the entire brain.

脑疝的病因可能是由于局部的占位效应，比如说动脉出血；或者可能是弥漫性占位效应，即不只是局部大脑，而是整个大脑都受到影响。

Depending on the size and location of the mass effect, there's a possibility of brain herniations.

占位效应的大小和类型决定了脑疝发生的可能性。

Finally, a cingulate herniation is often a forerunner of other types of supratentorial herniation.

最后，扣带回疝往往是其他类型幕上脑疝的先兆。

Supratentorial herniation refers to displacement of the cerebrum which is above the tentorium, and infratentorial herniation refers to herniation of the cerebellum which is below the tentorium.

幕上脑疝指的是小脑幕上大脑的移位，而幕下脑疝指的是小脑幕下小脑的移位。