Well, in line with his teleological account of justice, Aristotle argues that to know how political authority should be distributed we have, first, to inquire into the purpose, the point, the telos, of politics.

据他的公正目的论，亚里士多德认为要了解政治权力应该如何分配，我们必须首先探究政治的目的、要点以及宗旨。

And this is one of the main objections to Aristotle's teleological account of justice.

这就对亚里士多德从目的论角度阐述公正的主要反对意见之一。

Teleological, because he says to allocate rights we first have to figure out the purpose, or the end, of the social practice in question.

从目的论来，因为他认为要想分配权力，首先要清楚讨论下的社会实践有何目的或目标。

So they reject teleology, they reject the idea of tying justice to some conception of the good.

所以他们抛弃了目的论，他们拒绝把公正和美德的某种定义联系在一起。

So, the argument about the distribution of offices and honors has this teleological character, but also an honorific dimension.

所以，关于官职和荣誉分配的争论，既有其目的论的特点，又同时事关荣誉。

In general it's hard to do without teleology when we're thinking about ethics, justice, and moral argument.

通常来，在不涉及目的论的情况下，思考职业道德、公正和道德理论。

Remember, we were looking at Aristotle's theory of justice and one way of describing his approach to justice, we've called it 'teleological'.

记住，我们之前探讨了亚里士多德的公正论，以及对他追求公正的一种表述，我们称之为目的论。

And so not only the question of debating the purpose, the teleological feature, but also from the standpoint of viewing debates about the purpose of golf. What's essential to golf?

所以我们所探讨的不仅仅目的，目的论特征，同时也对高尔夫球运动意义的探讨。高尔夫球的核心什么？

I see, there's more of a teleological understanding of the human.

我明白了，这里对人类有更多的目的论理解。

We'd realized the teleological endpoint, and it was democracy.

我们意识到目的论的终点，那就民主。

Like the only two possible values he comes up with is like this kind of teleological meaning type value versus this kind of smaller but real value of the moment type value.

就像他想出来的唯一两种价值观这种目的论意义上的价值与这种较小但真实的当下的价值。

And that, I think, is something that shocked people a lot and that did, I think, most of the job when it comes to discrediting the naive Enlightenment view of teleology.

我认为，这正让人们深感震惊的一点， 而且我认为，在驳斥启蒙运动中天真的目的论观点方面， 它起到了至关重要的作用。

Always latent in those conversations is sort of the teleological expectation that there is a theory of everything.

在这些对话中，总隐含着一种目的论的期待，即认为存在一个包罗万象的理论。

How do you actually, like you can't make it teleological, well we need to set up trade networks.

你实际上怎么做呢？你不能让它变得目的论化，我们需要建立贸易网络。

You know, the critique of Obamaism, as you know better than most, was it was teleological, right?

你知道，对奥巴马主义的批评，你比大多数人更清楚，目的论的，对吧？

Now, one of the things that makes it strange is that in Aristotle's world, in the ancient world, it wasn't only social practices that were governed, in Aristotle's view, by teleological reasoning and teleological explanation.

有个因素会使其有些以理解，亚里士多德认为，在他的时代，在古代，目的论证法和目的论掌控的并不止社会实践一个。

I think that type of teleology means it's goal-directed.

我认为这种目的论意味着它有目标导向的。

But the very interesting thing about purpose is that once you do get to a idea-generating species or collective organism, yeah, then, you know, kind of all bets are off, and there is goals, there is teleology.

但关于目的的有趣之处在于， 一旦你达到一个能够产生想法的物种或集体有机体，嗯， 那么就一切都变得不确定了，就有了目标，就有了目的论。

That could mean the teleological argument and the design argument, or it could mean the straight cosmological argument, or it could mean something more like what sort of Aristotelian.

那可能指的目的论论证和设计论证，也可能纯粹的宇宙论论证，或者更接近亚里士多德式的某种论证。

Describing the objective character of a person's notion, Hegel says that it consists of mechanism, chemism, and teleology.

黑格尔在描述一个人的概念的客观特征时，它由机制、化学和目的论组成。