Near the end of an era called the carboniferous, earth started to cool.

在炭时代末期，地球开始降温。

New research is providing a deeper understanding of Whatcheeria, which lived around 330 million years ago during a time known as the Carboniferous period.

新研究让人们对瓦切螈有了更深入了解，它生活在大约3。3亿年前被称为炭时期。

And even further, there hasn't been any glacial activity here since the carboniferous ended nearly 300 million years ago.

此外，自近 3 亿年前炭结束以来，这里就没有出现过任何冰川活动。

The long-ago seas of the Carboniferous and Devonian swarmed with tiny plankton that wrapped themselves inside tiny protective shells.

泥盆和炭古代海洋里生活着大批微小浮游生物。它们躲在小小保护性壳里。

To interpret rocks, there needs to be some means of correlation, a basis on which you can tell that those carboniferous rocks from Devon are younger than these Cambrian rocks from Wales.

若要解释，你非得有某种并置对东西。在这个基础上，你可以知道德文那些炭要威这些寒武年轻。

Oxygen levels in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, when terrestrial life first bloomed, were as high as 35 percent (as opposed to nearer 20 percent now).

在陆地生命大幅度增加泥盆和炭，空气中氧浓度高达35%（现在是将近20%）。

In Carboniferous forests dragonflies grew as big as ravens.

在炭森林里，蜻蜓长到大得像乌鸦。

359 Million Years Ago in the Carboniferous forests and lush marshlands are at their peak.

3.59亿年前，在炭，森林和茂盛沼泽地达到了鼎盛时期。

And although the first temnospondyls lived on dry land as adults, it's in the late Carboniferous and early Permian when we see forms that were even better adapted to life in the water.

虽然第一批穿椎龙成年后生活在陆地上，但在炭晚期和二叠早期， 我们才看到更适应水中生活形态。

And actually all of our greenhouses of the present era are ultimately descended from the first greenhouses of the 19th century, which were meant to recreate the tropical foliage of the Carboniferous.

事实上， 我们现代所有温室都源自19世初期第一批温室，这些温室旨在重现炭热带植物群。

Over time, elaborate new cave systems were formed, like Britain's Triassic caves carved from carboniferous limestone (Tyherington in  Gloustershire), which provided yet more unique habitats for life to exploit.

随着时间推移， 复杂新洞穴系统逐渐形成，例如英国炭灰雕刻而成三叠洞穴（位于格洛斯特郡泰赫灵顿），为生命提供了更多独特栖息地以供开发利用。

The geological history of these cliffs  dates back to the Upper Carboniferous period, making them approximately 320 million years  old.

这些悬崖地质历史可追溯至上炭时期，使其年龄约为3.2亿年。

It’s known today as the Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse.

它今天被称为炭雨林 崩塌。

By the Carboniferous era, half the insects on earth were roaches!

到了炭, 地球上一半昆虫都是蟑螂!

Insects had evolved flight at least as far back as the Carboniferous Period.

昆虫至少早在炭就已经进化出飞行能力。

I remember watching a show when I was much younger called Prehistoric Park, and I think they went to Carboniferous, and it was almost where the insects were much bigger than they are today, like giant dragonflies, centipedes, and scorpions.

我还记得小时候看一档节目叫《史前公园》，他们好像去了炭，那时候昆虫现在大得多，像巨大蜻蜓、蜈蚣和蝎子。

For instance, you know when the Devonian Period ends and the Carboniferous Period begins, because that's when you start finding fossils that belong to a species of conodont known as Siphonodella sulcata.

例如， 你知道泥盆结束炭开始，因为那时开始发现属于一种名为Siphonodella sulcata牙形物种化。

During this dry period around 300 million years  ago in the Carboniferous period, several species emerged that are still important today, including:   dragonflies, millipedes and spiders.

在约3亿年前炭时期， 尽管当时处于一个相对干燥阶段，但仍有一些至今仍极为重要物种崭露头角，如：蜻蜓、千足虫和蜘蛛。

But even without the rest of its body, Broom could tell that this fossil came from a therapsid, a diverse group of vertebrates that may have arisen as far back as the late Carboniferous Period.

但即使没有其他身体部分，布鲁姆也能判断出这块化来自兽孔类，这是一种多样化脊椎动物群体， 可能最早出现在晚炭时期。

They had a love affair with the Carboniferous because this was going to save us from the lot of humanity for the last however many thousand years, which was to be dark, cold, tired.

他们对炭怀有深厚情感，因为这一时期有望将人类从过去几千年苦难中解救出来——那些岁月充满了黑暗、寒冷与疲惫。