Hard water, for example, has higher mineral and deposit content that can overwhelm a surfactant, so other chemicals have to be added to the shampoo to counteract the ions that make the surfactants ineffective.
例如,硬水含有较高的矿物质和沉积物,可以压倒表面活性剂,因此必须在洗发水中添
其他化学物质来抵消使表面活性剂失效的离子作用。