A scan of the basal ganglia shows it's working furiously throughout the whole process.

对基底神经的扫描显示，它整个过程中都疯狂地工作。

This enzyme normally breaks down a lipid called GM2 ganglioside.

HEX-A正常情况下能降解一种叫做GM2神经苷脂的脂质。

If we're talking about a network function that's related to movement, we are interested in placing these electrodes in movement associated areas of the brain, deep gray structures called the basal ganglia, which can be seen over here.

如果我们谈论的是与运动相关的网络功能，我们是想将这些电极放置大脑与运动相关的区域，称为基底神经的深灰色结构，这里看到。

And it allows us to test different versions of the story regarding the basal ganglia's involvement in stuttering by basically impairing different parts of the circuit and observing what happens in terms of speech output and also brain activity.

通过破坏电路的不同部分， 观察语言输出和大脑活动方面发生了什么，允许我们测试关于基底神经与口吃有关的不同版的故事。

Over time, when the adaptive immune reaction kicks in, most of the viruses in the body are eliminated, but the ones in the ganglions are spared and can remain dormant for many years.

一段时间后，获得性免疫反应会将大部分的病毒清除，但是神经里的病毒保留（休眠）数年。

Also though, within these layers are two plexuses, or networks of nerves, which are made up of ganglia —which are clusters of individual nerves, that help coordinate muscle contraction and relaxation.

此外，这些层中有两个神经丛，神经组成；神经状独立的神经纤维组成，帮助协调肌肉的收缩和舒张。

In octopuses, around two-thirds of the neurons are actually found in the arms themselves, and these are localised into small brains called ganglia.

章鱼身上，约有三分之二的神经元是腕足上，这些神经元局部存于被称为神经的次大脑中。

Your body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm, is regulated by a type of neuron in your eyes called ganglion cells.

你体内的生物钟或昼夜律眼睛中一种称为神经细胞的神经元调。

But where these ganglia appear relate to their function, and which division of the autonomic system they're serving.

但是这些神经出现的地方与它们的功能有关，及它们服务于自主神经系统的哪个部门。

They also have connections to neurons in the basal ganglia, the reward center of the brain.

它们还与基底神经的神经元有联系，基底神经是大脑的奖赏中枢。

Guenther says he'd like to combine his model with imaging studies that show the basal ganglia in action to see whether his predicted mechanisms play a role in people who stutter.

冈瑟表示，他想把他的模型与显示基底神经活动的成像研究结合起来，看看他所预测的机制是否对口吃者起作用。

That light hits your posterior retina and spreads from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells just beneath them, to the innermost ganglion cells, where they then generate action potentials.

光线到达你的后视网膜，从光感受器扩散到它们下面的双极细胞，再扩散到最里面的神经细胞，然后那里它们产生动作电位。

But they do have a lot of distance to cover, on the other side of the ganglion, in order to reach their effectors. So naturally the fibers leading out of the ganglia are a lot longer.

但是它们确实有很长的距离要覆盖，神经的另一边，为了到达它们的效应器。所自然地，从神经延伸出来的纤维要长得多。

The ultimate goal is to come up with precisely targeted treatments like drugs that tweak the activity of the basal ganglia without inducing serious side effects.

最终的目标是找到精确的靶向治疗方法，比如不引发严重副作用的情况下调整基底神经活动的药物。

For now you learned that your sympathetic nervous system controls your body's stress response and how the signals in your sympathetic nervous system travel to an effector, using the neurotransmitters acetylcholine in the ganglion and norepinephrine at the effector.

现你知道了你的交感神经系统控制你身体的压力反应，及交感神经系统中的信号如何传递到效应物，使用神经中的神经递质乙酰胆碱和效应物处的去甲肾上腺素。

Or possibly even implanted electrodes that modulate activity in particular parts of the basal ganglia circuit.

或者甚至植入电极来调基底神经回路特定部分的活动。

Those signals flow all the way to their ganglia.

这些信号一直流向他们的神经。

They basically monitor our thoughts, sensations and actions and they determine which actions we should perform next.

基底神经主要监控我们的思想、感觉和行为，并决定我们下一步应该做什么。

Their nerve fibers originate in different parts of the body, the ganglia of the sympathetic system are located close to the spinal cord, while the ganglia of the parasympathetic system are close to their effectors.

它们的神经纤维起源于身体的不同部位，交感系统的神经位于靠近脊髓的地方，而副交感神经系统的神经靠近它们的效应器。

In addition to nerve fibers that lead to ganglia and then your effectors, there's also a set leaving the spinal cord that goes directly to your adrenal glands.

除了通向神经和效应器的神经纤维，还有一组离开脊髓直接进入肾上腺。