A scan of the basal ganglia shows it's working furiously throughout the whole process.

对基底节的扫描显示，它在整个过程中都在疯狂地工作。

This enzyme normally breaks down a lipid called GM2 ganglioside.

HEX-A正常情况下能降解一种叫GM2节苷脂的脂质。

Those signals flow all the way to their ganglia.

些信号一直流向他们的节。

They also have connections to neurons in the basal ganglia, the reward center of the brain.

它们还与基底节的元有联系，基底节是大脑的奖赏中枢。

Or possibly even implanted electrodes that modulate activity in particular parts of the basal ganglia circuit.

或者甚至植入来调节基底节回路特定部分的活动。

Another difference between these two foils? Their ganglia.

两种“陪衬”的另一个区别是它们的节。

Your body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm, is regulated by a type of neuron in your eyes called ganglion cells.

你体内的生物钟或昼夜节律由眼睛中一种称为节细胞的元调节。

They basically monitor our thoughts, sensations and actions and they determine which actions we should perform next.

基底节主要监控我们的思想、感觉和行为，并决定我们下一步应该什么。

Those electrodes can detect electrical signals within the ganglion cells.

那些以检测节细胞内的信号。

Again, about 20 different ganglion cell types.

又是大约20种不同的节细胞类型。

But where these ganglia appear relate to their function, and which division of the autonomic system they're serving.

但是些节出现的地方与它们的功能有关，以及它们服务于自主系统的哪个部门。

In octopuses, around two-thirds of the neurons are actually found in the arms themselves, and these are localised into small brains called ganglia.

在章鱼身上，约有三分之二的元是在腕足上，些元局部存在于被称为节的次大脑中。

Many insect activities, like walking or breathing, are coordinated by clusters of neurons, also known as ganglia, along their bodies.

许多昆虫活动，如行走或呼吸，都是由沿其身体分布的元簇（亦称节）协调完成的。

And that bed of nails can extract, meaning record the electrical signals that are coming out of the retinal ganglion cells.

那张钉床以提取，也就是记录来自视网膜节细胞的信号。

When the signals reach the synapses inside the ganglia, the nerve fibers then release a neurotransmitter — called acetylcholine, known to its friends as ACh.

当信号到达节内的突触时，纤维会释放一种递质——乙酰胆碱，朋友们称之为 ACh。

The ultimate goal is to come up with precisely targeted treatments like drugs that tweak the activity of the basal ganglia without inducing serious side effects.

最终的目标是找到精确的靶向治疗方法，比如以在不引发严重副作用的情况下调整基底节活动的药物。

There are two pathways of action in the brain and a brain circuitry called the basal ganglia, a number of different brain areas.

大脑中有两种作用路径及一个名为基底节的脑回路，涉及多个不同的脑区。

Their ganglia, for example, are located in different places: The sympathetic ganglia are located near the spinal cord, while on the parasympathetic side, they're close to the effectors.

例如，它们的节位于不同的位置：交感节位于脊髓附近，而副交感则靠近效应器。

That light hits your posterior retina and spreads from the photoreceptors to the bipolar cells just beneath them, to the innermost ganglion cells, where they then generate action potentials.

光线到达你的后视网膜，从光感受器扩散到它们下面的双细胞，再扩散到最里面的节细胞，然后在那里它们产生动作位。

In addition to nerve fibers that lead to ganglia and then your effectors, there's also a set leaving the spinal cord that goes directly to your adrenal glands.

除了通向节和效应器的纤维，还有一组离开脊髓直接进入肾上腺。