Virologists are constantly looking for mutations that might make viruses such as influenza more likely to jump.

学家一直在寻找可能令流感类更易产生宿主转移的突变。

We have started clinical trials, combined drugs that activate these viral-like elements, combined with immunotherapy.

我们已启动临床试验，将激活这些类素的药物与免疫疗法相结合。

These spikes are  what give this family of viruses their name: The coronaviruses, because  they look kinda like a crown.

这些突起正是这类“”的原因，因为它们看起来有点像皇。

They have no cytoplasmic membrane, cytosol, or functional organelles, but they can infect all types of cells and numerous viruses can also infect bacteria, which are called bacteriophages.

虽然没有细胞膜、细胞质和功能性细胞器，但它们可以感染所有类型的细胞；许多也能感染细菌，这类也被称为噬菌体。

When we met in 2006, the average one of these viruses leaping from an animal to a human, it took us six months to find that -- like the first Ebola, for example.

2006年我们相遇时，这类从动物跳跃到人类身上的平均时间， 我们花了六个月才找到——比如第一个埃博拉的例子。