In December Adnams, a Suffolk brewer, will bottle whisky that has been sitting in casks for three years—the time it takes for the European Union to recognise fermented cereal mash as whisky.

在11月，萨福克啤酒制造商亚当那姆斯将对储存在木桶有三年之久威士忌进行瓶装，这三年正是等待欧盟认可糖化发酵谷物威士忌过程。

This proportion of glycated hemoglobin doesn't change day to day, so it gives a sense for whether the blood glucose levels have been high over the past 2 to 3 months.

糖化血红蛋例不会每天变化，所以它可以说明血糖水平是否已经持续走高2-3个月。

Glycation is a process where sugar in the bloodstream mucks onto proteins, creating something called advanced glycation end products or AGEs for short.

糖化，就是血糖黏在蛋质上，这过程我们称糖化终产物（AGEs）。

Yes, there are some studies that show positive effects in things like reducing hemoglobin A1C, reducing blood pressure, reducing body mass index.

是，一些研究表明，这种做法在降低糖化血红蛋（A1C）、降低血压和降低体重指数方面有效果。

But the glucose still needs to go somewhere because if it sits in the bloodstream, it will bind to proteins in a damaging process called glycation.

但是，血糖还是要有地方去放。如果血糖在血管待太久，它将与蛋质结合（糖化）。

So that brings us to another type of test that can be done which is the HbA1c test, which tests for the proportion of hemoglobin in red blood cells that has glucose stuck to it - called glycated hemoglobin.

所以另一种可行检测是HbA1c测试，来测验红细胞中被葡萄糖黏着血红蛋例；这种血红蛋也叫作糖化血红蛋。

The same thing happens to your skin over time: proteins in your bloodstream get sugar stuck on them and the resulting AGEs damage your skin internally, creating age spots.

这个过程也同样可以在你体内发生：血糖粘在蛋质上，这种糖化终产物会伤害你，并从内部长出黑斑。

Where these things become a real problem is in diabetics who have trouble controlling their blood sugar, and end up with a large amount of AGEs.

这个问题会发生在血糖控制有困难糖尿病患者身上，他们血糖过高，有过多糖化终产物。

That's not going to help in our mashing procedure.

这对我们糖化过程没有帮助。

You know, I mentioned earlier these advanced glycation end products.

你知道吗，我之前提到了这些高级糖化终产物。

And sugar stuck to hemoglobin is what we call hemoglobin A1c.

并且粘在血红蛋上糖就是我们所说糖化血红蛋A1c。

So glycation is a process that we can't stop.

所以糖化作用是我们无法阻止一个过程。

If you have, you know, your hemoglobin A1C is over 6.4, you're now insulin dependent.

如果你糖化血红蛋（HbA1C）超过6.4，你现在就需要依赖胰岛素了。

The rest of the flavor comes from what's known as the mash bill.

其余风味则源自所谓糖化醪，即混合了水并经酵母发酵谷物，如玉米、小麦和黑麦。

And you end up with advanced glycation end products, all sorts of different things.

于是，最终产生了高级糖化终产物，以及其他各种不同问题。

But I mean, his pressure to saccharate went down this year.

我意思是，他今年在糖化压力方面有所减轻。

And after getting testing and utilizing this resource, 81% of people were able to reduce their hemoglobin A1C by an average of 0.44 percentage points.

在接受检测并利用这一资源后，81%人能够将他们糖化血红蛋A1C平均降低0.44个百分点。

They have relatively low total body weight, but they have relatively high glycated end products like hemoglobin A1C and like fructosamine.

他们总体体重较低，但他们糖化终产物如糖化血红蛋A1C和果糖胺相对较高。

These are called ages advanced glycations something because the sugar combines with proteins in the bloodstream and these are bad things.

这些被称高级糖化终产物，因糖与血液中蛋质结合，这些物质是有害。

If you have hemoglobin A1c of greater than 5.7, you're diabetic.

如果你糖化血红蛋A1c值超过5.7，那么你患有糖尿病。