When energy is needed - all three monosaccharides are metabolized through glycolysis, then the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

当机体需要能量时，三种单糖就会通过糖酵解、三羧、氧化磷化进行能量代谢。

We convert glucose to pyruvate through the process of glycolysis, and then we convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which then gets burned, gets oxidized for energy, to produce energy through the krebs cycle.

通过糖酵解过程将葡萄糖转化为内酮盐，人体接着将丙酮盐转换成乙酷辅酶 A，后者紧接着被氧化，最后再通过克氏转换成能量。

Cellular respiration occurs in three simultaneous phases, where glucose is broken down by glycolysis and other catabolic reactions; and then turned into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA; and finally ushered into the Kreb's cycle.

细胞呼吸发生在三个同时的阶段，其中葡萄糖被糖酵解和其他分解代谢反应分解；然后转化为丙酮和乙酰辅酶 A；最后进入克雷布。

He helped figure out many of the steps of glycolysis, which is the series of chemical reactions that cells use to make energy from glucose — aka sugar.

他帮助计算了糖酵解的很多步骤，这是一列化学反应，细胞可以用此从葡萄糖，即糖中制造能量。

This causes intracellular carbon dioxide to freely diffuse out of the cell, raising the cellular pH which stimulates glycolysis, a metabolic process that requires a lot of phosphate.

这会导致细胞内CO2自由扩散到细胞外，提高细胞的pH值，激发糖酵解，一个需要大量磷盐的代谢过程。

One of the biochemical changes many tumors cause is a large increase in an energy-generating process called glycolysis.

许多肿瘤引起的生物化学变化之一是称为糖酵解的能量产生过程的大量增加。

He and another scientist, Archibald Hill, correctly figured out the steps of glycolysis that led to higher levels of lactate in the muscles.

他和另一位科学家阿德·希正确地计算出了糖酵解的步骤，即造成肌肉乳盐含量更高的反应。

Fructose has 6 carbons, and most of it is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules and sent into glycolysis to help generate energy.

果糖有6个碳原子，大部分果糖分子都被分解成3个碳原子的小分子，并进入糖酵解途径，为机体提供能量。

Now, normally glycolysis in the cell uses up a lot of phosphate, but this lower pH tends to inhibit glycolysis.

通常细胞内的糖酵解会消耗大量的磷盐，但这个较低的pH值往往会抑制糖酵解。

It's important in glycolysis that you know where we start and where we begin.

在糖酵解过程中，了解我们从哪里开始和从哪里起始是很重要的。

My intuition is, I've never looked to be honest with you, but given that red blood cells have a different metabolic pathway, right, where they're purely glycolytic, they wouldn't have the need for it in the way that others would.

我的直觉是， 说实话， 我从未仔细研究过，但考虑到红细胞具有不同的代谢途径，它们完全是糖酵解的，它们在其他细胞需要的方式上可能并不需要它。

So when glucose has been broken down into pyruvate via glycolysis in the cytosol, it consumes NAD to create NADH.

所以当葡萄糖在细胞质中通过糖酵解分解成丙酮时，会消耗烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷来生成还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷。

You will do so through an anaerobic glycolytic pathway, but you will have achieved your maximum consumption of oxygen.

你将通过无氧糖酵解途径实现这一加速，尽管如此， 你已经达到了最大氧气消耗量。

In the 1920s and 1930s, biochemists—led by Hans Krebs and Carl and Gerty Cori—began to work out many of the central metabolic pathways of life: the citric acid cycle, glycogenesis and glycolysis, and the synthesis of steroids and porphyrins.

在二十世纪二三十年代，由汉斯·克雷布斯（Hans Krebs）和卡（Carl Krert）和格蒂·科里（Gerty Cori）领导的生物化学家开始研究许多生命的中心代谢途径：柠檬，糖原合成和糖酵解，以及类固醇和卟啉的合成。

Comparative RNA-seq revealed a prominent anaerobic glycolysis gene expression signature.

比较RNA-seq揭示了明显的无氧糖酵解基因表达特征。

And the process is glycolysis, Krebs Cycle and then finally the electron transport chain.

这个过程包括糖酵解、克雷布斯，最后是电子传递链。

Because women, as I said at the beginning of the podcast, are more oxidative, we don't have as many of those glycolytic fibers.

因为女性， 正如我在播客开头所说，氧化能力更强， 我们没有那么多糖酵解纤维。

How articular chondrocytes, that primarily rely on glycolysis in low oxygen homoeostatic conditions, respond to joint damage and adapt to microenvironmental changes in articular cartilage is an important yet poorly understood question.

关节软骨细胞主要依赖于低氧稳态条件下的糖酵解，它们如何响应关节损伤并适应关节软骨微境的变化，是一个非常重要但尚不完全理解的问题。

Remember glycolysis is going to take place outside the mitochondria.

记住，糖酵解过程是在线粒体外进行的。

The younger we are and the more that we can keep our glycolytic fibers going by doing high-intensity work, the more we're exposing our brain to lactate.

我们越年轻，通过进行高强度工作来维持糖酵解纤维的能力就越强，我们的大脑接触到乳的机会就越多。