Now, this might not look like much, but if we were to put a red blood cell up on the screen, it'd be about that big, so these are unbelievably tiny curls.

这可能看起来没什么，但如果我们把红血球细胞放在旁边做对比，就能看出它有多小了，所以这些是微小到极缩。

This is done by using a centrifuge which is a device created to separate fluids.

分离红血球要使用离心机，离心机这种装置就是用来分离液体。

The blood cells are mainly red blood cells also called RBCs or erythrocytes.

血细胞主要是红细胞，也叫 RBCs 或红血球。

We used microscopes to study blood cells in our science class today.

我们今天化课用显微镜研究红血球。

Today, a whopping 99% of people living in sub-Saharan Africa have a specific type of a protein receptor on their red blood cells that doesn't allow the parasite to gain entry.

如今居住在非撒哈拉以南超过 99% 人，他们身上红血球上都有一种特殊蛋白质受体，这种蛋白质受体会阻止寄生虫进入人体。

This would be like comparing the size of a human red blood cell to the entire island of Sicily; an incredible difference in scale that's difficult to really wrap your head around.

这就好比把一个人类红血球大小与整个西西里岛大小进行比较；规模相差悬殊，难以让人解。

Participants in these studies wear a special sensor that uses spectroscopy to measure near-infrared light absorption; you see, red blood cells absorb light differently when they're carrying a lot of oxygen.

这些研究参与者会戴上一个特殊传感器，它使用光谱来测量近红外光吸收；你看，红血球携带大量氧气时吸收光方式不同。

The primary two chromophores are hemoglobin, found in our red blood cells, and melanin, which gives our skin its pigment.

两种主要色基发色团是血红蛋白，存在于红血球中，以及黑色素，它使我们皮肤产生色素。

They can do this because inside the red blood cells, there is a very important molecule called haemoglobin.

它们之所以能做到这一点，是因为在红血球内部，有一种非常重要分子，叫做血红蛋白。

And there are not enough red blood cells to transport nutrients and oxygen.

而且没有足够红血球来运输营养和氧气。

That includes red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to all tissues, platelets, which help stop bleeding by sticking to damaged blood vessels, and white blood cells, which patrol the body, destroying potentially harmful invaders.

包括红血球——用于将氧气从肺输送到所有组织，血小板——堵住受伤血管以止血，以及白血球——它们负责守护身体，摧毁潜在有害入侵者。

To create the sample, the patient's red blood cells need to first be separated.

要生成该样本，首先要分离患者红血球。

The most common kind of cell in blood is the red blood cell.

其中最常见一种细胞是红血球。

Red blood cells help move oxygen through the body.

红血球有助于氧气在体内运输。

That’s over 400 times smaller than a red blood cell!

那比一个红血球小了400多倍！

Without it, we wouldn't have our red blood.

没有它，我们就不会有红血球。

Going further, 100,000 times smaller than  you, we reach a typical skin cell about 30 micrometers in diameter, a Neutrophil is half as  big and one of your red blood cells is merely 7 micrometers.

继续缩小，比你小10万倍，我们到达一个典型皮肤细胞， 其直径约为30微米，中性粒细胞大小是它二分之一， 而你一个红血球仅有7微米。

Even though Respirocyte is six times smaller than a normal red blood cell, it's able to carry 236x more oxygen and carbon dioxide!

尽管呼吸细胞比常红血球小六倍，但它能携带236倍更多氧气和二氧化碳！

If you have sickle cell anemia you have a red blood cell that looks like that or this sickle kind of appearance.

如果你患有镰状细胞贫血，你红血球就会呈现出这种类似镰刀形状。

They had observed that when blood from different people was mixed in test tubes, the red blood cells sometimes clumped together.

他们观察到， 当把不同人血液混合在试管中时，红血球有时会聚集在一起。