The most common kind of cell in blood is the red blood cell.

其中最常见的一种是红球。

We used microscopes to study blood cells in our science class today.

我们今天理化课用显微镜研究红球。

Red blood cells help move oxygen through the body.

红球有助于氧气在体内的运输。

And there are not enough red blood cells to transport nutrients and oxygen.

而且没有足够的红球来运输营养和氧气。

The oxygen diffuses into the blood where it is picked up by red blood cells.

氧气扩散到液中，并被红球吸收。

To create the sample, the patient's red blood cells need to first be separated.

生成该样本，首先分离患者的红球。

The blood cells are mainly red blood cells also called RBCs or erythrocytes.

是红，也叫 RBCs 或红球。

This is done by using a centrifuge which is a device created to separate fluids.

分离红球使用离心机，离心机这种装置就是用来分离液体的。

They can do this because inside the red blood cells, there is a very important molecule called haemoglobin.

它们之所以能做到这一点，是因为在红球内部，有一种非常重的分子，叫做红蛋白。

The primary two chromophores are hemoglobin, found in our red blood cells, and melanin, which gives our skin its pigment.

两种的色基发色团是红蛋白，存在于红球中，以及黑色素，它使我们的皮肤产生色素。

It wasn't inherited. The problem's outside the red blood cells.

不是遗传性的 问题出在红球外。

Carbon dioxide then diffuses out of the red blood cell and into the lungs, where it is expired.

然后二氧化碳从红球扩散到肺部，被排除。

Kid's gonna be dead in a matter of days if we don't figure out why his red blood cells are disintegrating, so...

孩子可能几天之内就会死...如果我们找不到他的红球不断破裂的原因。

Red blood cells are also referred to as erythrocytes, which comes from the Greek words erythros (meaning red) and cyte (meaning cell).

红球也称为红，来源于希腊语erythros（意为红色）和cyte（意为）。

This is a critical issue for red blood cells that need to be able to easily flow through capillaries that are barely wider than they are.

对于红球来说，这是一个关键的问题，红球需能够很容易地流过比它们稍宽的毛管。

Each red blood cell is packed with about 250 million molecules of hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein that can bind to either oxygen or carbon dioxide.

每个红球都含有约2。5亿个红蛋白分子，红蛋白是一种含铁的蛋白质，可以与氧气或二氧化碳结合。

Participants in these studies wear a special sensor that uses spectroscopy to measure near-infrared light absorption; you see, red blood cells absorb light differently when they're carrying a lot of oxygen.

这些研究的参与者会戴上一个特殊的传感器，它使用光谱来测量近红外光的吸收；你看，红球携带大量氧气时吸收光的方式不同。

Today, a whopping 99% of people living in sub-Saharan Africa have a specific type of a protein receptor on their red blood cells that doesn't allow the parasite to gain entry.

如今居住在非洲撒哈拉以南超过 99% 的人，他们身上的红球上都有一种特殊的蛋白质受体，这种蛋白质受体会阻止寄生虫进入人体。

This would be like comparing the size of a human red blood cell to the entire island of Sicily; an incredible difference in scale that's difficult to really wrap your head around.

这就好比把一个人类红球的大小与整个西西里岛的大小进行比较；规模相差悬殊，难以让人真正理解。

Now, this might not look like much, but if we were to put a red blood cell up on the screen, it'd be about that big, so these are unbelievably tiny curls.

这可能看起来没什么，但如果我们把红球放在旁边做对比，就能看出它有多小了，所以这些是微小到极致的蜷缩。