Those who had waited had less activation compared to those who struggled.

与那些很难抉择的人相比，等待者的腹侧纹状体活动更少。

Although scientists are still learning how the disorder works, many think it has to do with changes in a circuit of the brain called the corticostriatal pathway, which regulates habit and repeated action.

尽管学家们仍在了解这类疾病的运作，但许多人认为它必定与脑中称为“皮质纹状体通路”的回路改变有关，而那是用于规范习惯和重复动作的。

Over time, if enough of the neurons die in the caudate and putamen, which together form the dorsal striatum, then it can cause actual loss of brain tissue volume in that area and expansion of the lateral ventricles.

随着时间的推移，如果由尾状核和壳核构成的背侧纹状体内死亡的神胞越来越多，会引起该区域的脑组织减少，进而导致侧脑室扩大。

Since usually there's this balance of signaling between dopamine and acetylcholine, a loss of dopamine reaching the striatum increases the relative amount of acetylcholine signalling there.

由于多巴胺和乙酰碱之间有一种平衡，多巴胺减少的信号传到纹状体，导致乙酰碱信号发出相应增加。

One area involved in habitual behavior is the striatum, which actually releases chemicals that inhibit the complex thinking part of your brain for that task.

习惯性行为涉及到的一个区域是纹状体，它会释放化学物质来抑制脑中负责复杂思考回路的部分。

Dopamine itself can't cross the blood-brain barrier, but its precursor levodopa can, and once in the brain, levodopa is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase, most importantly within the remaining nigrostriatal neurons.

多巴胺本身不能通过血脑屏障，但它的前体左旋多巴可以，一旦进入脑中，左旋多巴就会被多巴脱羧酶转换为多巴胺，尤其是在残存的黑质纹状体神内。

It was in that ventral striatum.

而是出现在腹侧纹状体。

The substantia nigra actually can be split into two sub-regions.

黑质可以被分为两个亚区：First， there’s the pars reticulata， which receives signals from another part of the basal ganglia called the striatum 纹状体， which is a term for the caudate and putamen put together， and relays messages to the thalamus via neurons rich in the neurotransmitter GABA， also known as gamma-aminobutyric acid. 首先是网状部，可以接受基底节另一部分纹状体发来的信号；纹状体由尾状核和壳核组成，可以通过富含神递质GABA的神传递信号到丘脑，其中GABA即γ－氨基丁酸。

One such region is called the ventral striatum, in particular, the part of it called the nucleus accumbens.

其中一个区域称为腹侧纹状体，特别是腹侧纹状体中称为伏隔核的一部分。

But the striatum is also a source of hope.

但纹状体也是希望的源泉。

And one region we focus on is called the striatum.

我们关注的一个区域称为纹状体。

It's basically tapping a part of your limbic system called the ventral striatum.

这基本上是刺激你边缘系统中称为腹侧纹状体的部分。

In the addiction circuitry, that's the nucleus dorsal stratum.

在成瘾的神回路中，那就是背侧纹状体核。

And if our brain is telling us that something is highly salient, then the striatum is gonna tell us to do the same thing over and over and over again.

如果大脑告诉我们某件事非常重要，那么纹状体就会不断提醒我们反复去做同一件事。

This drive to hang with pals may be due to changes in the brain's reward center, known as the ventral striatum.

这种想和朋友一起玩的冲动可能是由于大脑奖励中心（称为腹侧纹状体） 的变化所致。

But for words related to immigration and American, the activity patterns in the striatum clustered accordingly to participants' politics.

但对于与移民和美国有关的词汇，纹状体的活动模式则根据参与者的政治立场进行了分类。

But interestingly, if those offered a reward the first time are asked to participate again for no reward, scans show a decrease in activity in the anterior striatum and prefrontal areas，parts of the brain linked to self-motivation.

但有趣的是，如果那些第一次得到奖赏的被试在第二次必须无偿参与任务，他们的外侧纹状体和前额区域激活会降低，这部分脑区与自我激励相关。

Those skills are stored in muscle memory and over here, an area of the brain the Striatum.

那些技能存储在肌肉记忆中，还有大脑中的一个区域——纹状体。

And the striatum where there is dopamine release and then there is this pleasurable sensation and reward.

并且在纹状体中会释放多巴胺，从而产生愉悦感和奖励。

In addition to that, these same dopaminergic neurons also exert inhibitory effects on the excitatory cholinergic neurons in the striatum.

除此之外，多巴胺能神也有同样的抑制作用纹状体的兴奋性碱能神。