Aerobic respiration happens all the time in all cells, usually in the mitochondria.

有氧呼吸每时每刻都在细胞中发生，通常在线粒体中。

So, what happens when different cells get hit?

那么，不同细胞被攻击时会发生什么呢？

They also found changes in the mix of cells within the animals' immune system itself.

同时他们发现，在动物免疫系统自身，混细胞有发生改变。

In fact, that's exactly what happens during apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death.

事实上，这细胞凋亡时所发生的现象，这一过程也被称作细胞程序性死亡。

If it hijacks the immune system, and a cytokine storm occurs?

如果被它操控了整个免疫系统 并且发生了细胞因子风暴？

Telepathy goes on within the body between the cells.

心灵感应在身体内的细胞之间发生。

" There's no way on earth that genes from an alga should work inside an animal cell, " says Sidney Pierce from the University of South Florida.

南佛罗里达大学的西德尼·皮斯说，“藻类的基因本不可能在动物细胞内发生作用。”

I mean, as soon as an organism evolves to have multiple specialized cells working together for the good of the whole, there's serious evolutionary pressure to make sure that one cell doesn't mutate and try to out-compete all the rest.

我的意思，一旦一个有机体为了整体的利益而协同工作而进化为具有多个专门的细胞，就会存在严重的进化压力，以确保一个细胞不会发生突变并试图在竞争中胜过所有其他细胞。

Studying family members permitted the researchers to examine when genetic mutations happened in two different kinds of cells: those present in only one individual and those passed on to the person's children.

通过对家庭成员的研究，研究人员可以检测两种不同类型的细胞何时发生基因突变：一种只存在于个人身上的细胞，另一种遗传给孩子的细胞。

Cellular respiration occurs in three simultaneous phases, where glucose is broken down by glycolysis and other catabolic reactions; and then turned into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA; and finally ushered into the Kreb's cycle.

细胞呼吸发生在三个同时的阶段，其中葡萄糖被糖酵解和其他分解代谢反应分解；然后转化为丙酮酸和乙酰辅酶 A；最后进入克雷布循环。

These people often need to have their entire colon surgically removed because having so many polyps increases the chance that one cell among all of those polyps will develop another mutation and become malignant.

这类患者往往需要全结肠切除，因为多发结肠息肉使得其中任一细胞发生另一个抑癌基因突变的概率增加。

But with a brain-dead person, this window can be extended because the heart and lungs can still function, delaying the cellular breakdown that occurs with cardiopulmonary death.

但对于脑死亡的人来说，这个时间窗口可以延长，因为心脏和肺仍然可以发挥作用，延缓因心肺死亡而发生的细胞分解。

The salamanders may have cells that are poised, ready to take place in a reaction of regeneration and that human cells could be somewhat locked down in their potential.

蝾螈的一部分细胞可能会随时发生再生反应，但人类的细胞可能由于某些原因被锁住了这种潜能。

The exact mechanism here, though, is unclear, but it might be due to an ion channel dysfunction that leads to an unexpected change in the membrane potential during or right after repolarization.

尽管这里确切的机制还不清楚，但它可能由于一个离子通道的功能障碍导致了复极化期间或之后细胞膜电位发生意料之外的变化。

The trapped sebum and dead skin cells become oxidized, which turns the surface of the clogged material into a dark color, kind of like how silver tarnishes.

被阻塞的皮脂和死皮细胞发生氧化，使得阻塞物的表明物质变成黑色，类似银器的腐蚀过程。

This can happen as a result of nondisjunction of sex chromosomes during meiosis, and it happens more frequently in sperm cells - but egg cells can also be affected.

这可能由于细胞在减数分裂期间性染色体未分离而造成的，而且这一情况在精子细胞中发生得更频繁，不过在卵细胞中也可能出现。

That's because the rapidly dividing cells can develop additional mutations that eventually make these growths expand beyond the basement membrane and invade neighboring tissues.

这因为快速分裂的细胞极易发生突变，最终浸润超过基膜，侵入周围组织。

James started by drawing on a basic premise of biochemistry — that everything happening inside a cell is basically just a chemical reaction.

詹姆斯首先利用了生物化学的基本前提：细胞内发生的一切都化学反应。

Her team found that when hair grows, the melanin-producing stem cells in the hair follicles undergo a set of changes, including position shifts.

她的团队发现，当头发生长时，毛囊中产生黑色素的干细胞会发生一系列变化，包括位置转移。

This allows us to make microscope slides to be able to look at the cellular level, what's going on in the tree.

这使我们能够制作显微镜载玻片，能够观察细胞水平，树上发生了什么。