What's the difference between a gamete and a zygote?

生殖细胞和受精卵的区别是什么？

Each primordial follicle has a single immature sex cell called the primary oocyte at the core, and a layer of follicular cells surrounds this.

每始基卵泡中心都有成熟的生殖细胞，叫做初级卵母细胞，被卵泡细胞包裹。

Work is already under way to develop principles for editing reproductive cells.

编辑生殖细胞的原则制定工作已经开始。

" FYI this is probably the first human germ line editing, " Dr. Quake wrote.

“谨供参考：这可能是人类生殖细胞的首次编辑，”奎克写道。

Another, they're releasing reproductive cells called spores.

后来，它们又释放种叫做孢子的生殖细胞。

Like, when you're facing a life-or-death ordeal, you don't need to be digesting that cashew cluster in your intestines, or producing reproductive cells, or fighting off an infection.

比如，当你面临生死关的考验时，你不需要消化肠道里的腰果，或者生生殖细胞，又或者抵抗感染。

This happens around half-moons, when weaker tides calm the water's surface, creating the perfect conditions for their sex cells to couple up.

这发生在半月时候，当较弱的潮汐让海面平静，为它们的生殖细胞配对创造了完美的条件。

Typically a gamete with 23 chromosomes, including one sex chromosome either X or Y, develops when parent germ cells undergo the process of meiosis.

正常的配子包含23条染色体，其中有条X或Y性染色体，由亲代生殖细胞减数生。

Histologically, prominent features include large, round tumor cells resembling germline tumors; or small cells forming Homer-Wright rosettes.

松果体瘤主要的组织学特征包括类似生殖细胞肿瘤中巨大圆形的肿瘤细胞，或是形成Homer-Wright菊形团的小细胞。

This is possible because organisms evolve when random mutations happen in the DNA of reproductive cells.

这是可能的，因为当生殖细胞的DNA发生随机突变时，生物就会进化。

Diana Laird is a stem cell and reproductive expert at the University of California, San Francisco.

戴安娜·莱尔德是加州大学旧金山校的干细胞和生殖专家。

She added, " It's an important step in both stem cell and reproductive biology."

她补充说，“这是干细胞和生殖生物学的重要步。”

The idea that one scientist could make the leap towards editing reproductive cells has been condemned, but it has not been ruled out.

位科学家可在编辑生殖细胞方面取得很大进步的这种观点遭到谴责，但并没有被完全否定。

The other option is the sister chromatids of the x chromosome don't separate in meiosis two in the female germ cell.

女性生殖细胞中，X染色体姐妹染色单体在第二次减数时没有离。

It does not always involve strictly female and male individuals with differently sized sex cells that fuse internally.

它并不总是严格涉及拥有不同大小内部融合的生殖细胞的女性和男性体。

They did this by turning mouse stem cells into female cells in a lab.

他们在实验室里将老鼠的干细胞转变为雌性生殖干细胞，从而实现了这点。

Early on in meiosis the germ cell makes a copy of all of its chromosomes with each chromosome having sister chromatids at that point.

减数早期，生殖细胞会复制原先的染色体，复制完毕后，所有的染色体都有了姐妹染色单体。

Unless land organisms return to the water to reproduce or have specially adapted sex cells, their options are limited.

除非陆地生物回到水中繁殖或有特别适应的生殖细胞，否则它们的选择是有限的。

Many algae, for example, have sex cells that are indistinguishable in size.

例如，许多藻类的生殖细胞大小难以区。

Its stable temperature and high density help preserve and disperse reproductive cells.

稳定的温度和较高的密度有助于保存和散生殖细胞。