Fleming was, at the time, a lecturer in bacteriology at St Mary's Hospital in London.

当时，弗莱明是伦敦圣玛丽医院的细菌讲师。

The most comprehensive handbook of microorganisms, Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, lists about 4,000 types of bacteria.

最全面的微生物手册《伯吉氏系统化细菌手册》列出4000种细菌。

Did Alexander Fleming moonlight as a hairdresser? " Thanks for discovering penicillin. Now how about we try a bouffant? "

细菌家亚历山? 弗莱明会兼做美发师吗？”感谢你发现青霉素，现在做个蓬松波浪发型怎样？

But that got wiped out by the germ theory of disease.

但这一观点被疾病细菌说所否定。

Like me, he was inspired by his parents and gained a degree in medicine and a diploma in bacteriology.

和我一样， 他受到父母的启发，获得医位和细菌文凭。

Because modern bacteriology, all of that, like the modern medical sciences, also an outgrowth of the German research university.

因为现代细菌，以及所有现代医科，都是德国研究型的产物。

Modern Medicine Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin in 1928 marked a new era of medicine.

现代医中，苏格兰细菌家亚历山·弗莱明1928年发现青霉素，标志着医进入一个新时代。

Bacteriologists now understood that penicillin is a bactericide.

细菌家们现在明白，青霉素是一种杀菌剂。

Killed vaccines The hunt for a cholera vaccine was led by Ukrainian bacteriologist Valdemar Hafkin.

灭活疫苗 寻找霍乱疫苗的探索由乌克兰细菌家瓦德·夫金领导。

In 1928 this all changed with the work of Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming who was working at St Mary's Hospital, London.

1928年，苏格兰细菌家亚历山·弗莱明在伦敦圣玛丽医院的工作带来这一转变。

American bacteriologist Edwin Oakes Jordan was one of the first to calculate the death toll, which he estimated to be in the vicinity of 21.5 million.

美国细菌家埃德温·奥克斯·乔丹是最早计算这场疫情死亡人数的人之一，他估计死亡人数在2150万人左右。

Given the bacteriology and taking into account the chemical oxygen demand, plus we have a bit of tributyl phosphate — not a product I see very often.

考虑到细菌和化需氧量，再加上我们发现有一点磷酸三丁酯——这不是我经常看到的产物。

It was enough for her to realise, and she did this quite distinctly, that to be the government bacteriologist was no great fry.

这足以让她意识到， 而且她做得非常清楚，成为政府的细菌家并不是什么好事。

Other scientists, including British bacteriologist Almoth Wright, followed suit, and a typhoid vaccine was produced in 1896 using a killed pathogen.

其他科家， 包括英国细菌家阿莫斯·赖特，也纷纷效仿， 并于1896年利用灭活病原体制成伤寒疫苗。

In 1896, Landsteiner became an assistant to bacteriologist Max von Gruber at Vienna's Institute of Hygiene, where he researched the immune response of blood serum.

1896年， 兰德斯坦纳成为维也纳卫生研究所细菌家克斯·冯·格鲁伯的助手，在那里他研究血清的免疫反应。

And that's really weird because people like Louis Pasteur, before he became famous for all his germ theory of disease stuff, he was an aerobiologist.

这真的很奇怪， 因为像路易·巴斯德这样的人，在他因疾病细菌说成名之前，他其实是一名空气生物家。

Like biochemistry, the overlapping disciplines of bacteriology and virology (later combined as microbiology), situated between science and medicine, developed rapidly in the early 20th century.

与生物化一样，20世纪初科与医之间的细菌和病毒重叠科（后来被称为微生物）发展迅速。

However, since the introduction of antibiotics, an arms race has begun between the bacteriologists inventing new drugs and pathogens developing resistance to them.

然而， 自抗生素问世以来，细菌家研发新药与病原体产生抗药性之间的较量便拉开序幕。

Walter was the bacteriologist and occupied a subordinate position; he would hardly have the impudence to make himself a nuisance to the upper officials of the Colony.

沃特是细菌家， 处于从属地位；他不会厚颜无耻地惹恼殖民地的高层官员。

In 1884, Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram had devised a new method of staining that separated bacteria with an outer membrane around the cell wall from those without.

1884年，丹麦细菌家汉斯·克里斯蒂安·格拉姆发明一种新的染色方法，这种方法可以将细胞壁周围有外膜的细菌与没有外膜的细菌区分开来。