Fleming was, at the time, a lecturer in bacteriology at St Mary's Hospital in London.

当时，弗莱明是伦敦圣玛丽医院学讲师。

In a paper published in Nature Communications in April, Tiago Costa, a bacteriologist at Imperial College London, reported that conjugative pili, hair-like filaments that bacteria use to exchange genetic information, can likewise be repurposed to bind them together.

在今年4月发表于《自然通讯》一篇论文中，伦敦帝国理工学院学家蒂亚戈·科斯塔报告称，交换遗传息类似头发丝——接合毛，也可以被重新将它们黏合在一起。

Some of these new bacteria learned how to eat sunshine, producing oxygen, pulling in carbon from the air and destroying the iron food of other microbes by turning it into rust.

一些新出现学会了如何阳光进行光合作， 产生氧气，从空气中吸收碳， 并通过将其转化为铁锈破坏其他微生物食物源。

It was enough for her to realise, and she did this quite distinctly, that to be the government bacteriologist was no great fry.

这足以让她意识到， 而且她做得非常清楚，成为政府学家并不是什么好事。

Like biochemistry, the overlapping disciplines of bacteriology and virology (later combined as microbiology), situated between science and medicine, developed rapidly in the early 20th century.

与生物化学一样，20世纪初科学与医学之间学和病毒学重叠学科（后被称为微生物学）发展迅速。