Back in 1793, John's old frenemy Thomas Jefferson had quit as secretary of state over a rift between the federalists and the anti-federalists.

早在1793年，约翰的宿敌托马斯·杰斐逊因联邦主义者和反联邦主义者之间的裂痕而辞去国务卿职。

In this era, parties didn't really yet exist with the primary divisions being between the federalists who John Adams supported and the anti-federalists.

在这个时代，政党还没有真正存在，主要的分歧是约翰·亚当斯支持的联邦主义者和反联邦主义者之间的分歧。

So what was the Federalists' problem with this idea?

那么，联邦主义者对这想法有何异议呢？

In October 1787 Jay, Hamilton, and Madison worked together on a series of essays under the pseudonym Publius aiming to persuade the country, and New York in particular, to elect Federalist delegates to the ratifying conventions.

1787年10月， 杰伊、汉密尔顿和麦迪逊合作撰写列文章， 署名Publius（波布利乌斯）， 旨在说服全国，尤其是纽约， 选举联邦主义者代表参加批准会议。

Thomas Paine saw in the great event " the first ripe fruits of American principles transplanted into Europe." Federalists and Anti-Federalists regarded the new constitution of France as another vindication of American ideals.

入欧洲。 ” 联邦主义者和反联邦主义者将法国的新宪法视对美国理想的又次证明。

After he had gone, he became known as one of the stars of commonwealthsmen, admired for his belief that liberty came from civic virtue, and his work would inspire radicals in the French Revolution.

在他去世后， 他联邦主义者中的颗明星，受到人们对他认自由来自公民美德的信念的赞赏，他的工作将激励法国大革命中的激分子。

And you know, when you look at sort of the, you know, even just the way I describe myself, like, as an American dynamist, like, I always describe myself as a Federalist.

你知道，即便从我描述自己的方式来看——比如，我常自称个“美国活力论者”——我总是把自己定位个联邦主义者。

While the Union and Confederate Armies  battled to the South, Chicago was far enough from the fighting to continue supplying goods,   supplies, and transportation to the Unionists.

当联邦和同盟军在南方作战时， 芝加哥距离战斗足够远，可以继续向联邦主义者提供货物、补给和运输。

The debate over the Constitution divided Americans into two groups. Those who supported it were known as Federalists. Those who opposed it were known as anti-Federalists.

关于宪法的辩论将美国人分两派。支持它的人称联邦党人。反对它的人称反联邦主义者。

OK, so Sean Davis, who's the co-founder and CEO of The Federalist, said this on X in responding to Chief Justice Roberts.

好的，联邦主义者联合创始人兼首席执行官肖恩·戴维斯在X平台上回应罗伯茨大法官时说。

They asserted their influence on college campuses through the Olin Fund and in law schools through the Federalist Society.

他们通过奥林基金在大学校园内以及通过联邦主义者协会在法学院中扩大自己的影响力。

Historically, they give up the word nationalism and they call themselves the Federalists, but they're basically the nationalist party.

历史上，他们放弃“民族主义”这个词，自称联邦主义者，但实际上他们基本上是民族主义政党。

Madison thought the United States should have a strong central government. He led efforts in Virginia and other states to approve the proposal. He helped write The Federalist, a series of reports that explained the proposed Constitution.

麦迪逊认美国应该有个强大的中央政府。他领导弗吉尼亚州和其他州批准该提案的努力。他帮助撰写《联邦主义者》，这是列解释拟议宪法的报告。

" We are all republicans, " he said; " we are all federalists." Hailing " a rising nation, spread over a wise and fruitful land ... advancing rapidly to destinies beyond the reach of mortal eye, " Jefferson asked an end to political bitterness.

" 我们都是共和党人, " 他说, " 我们都是联邦主义者" 。杰斐逊欢呼" 个崛起的国家, 分布在智慧而富饶的土地上......迅速前到凡人无法企及的命运" , 要求结束政治上的痛苦。

One group of people who were called " Federalists" thought that there were many problems with the Articles of Confederation, which was the legal document that the 13 states had been following.

称“联邦主义者”的群人认，《邦联条例》这十三州直遵循的法律文件存在诸多问题。

He was a law policy and federalist.

他是名法律政策专家和联邦主义者。

These anti-Federalists were especially worried by the text's apparent lack of protections for individual liberties.

这些反联邦主义者尤其担忧宪法文本中对个人自由保护的明显缺失。

They were Federalists, but they were not sort of the arch Federalists of the Pickering-Hamilton model.

他们是联邦主义者，但又不是像皮克ering-汉密尔顿模型中的那种典型的联邦主义者。

The Antifederalists held their ground for the time being, but privately Jay reported that many of those opposed might support ratification if a few amendments were made to the Constitution.

反联邦主义者暂时坚守阵地，但私下里杰伊报告说， 许多反对者可能会支持批准宪法， 只要对宪法行些修正。

McClain noted that Brown was an outspoken Federalist who believed in a strong national government and stable society.

麦克莱恩指出，布朗是位直言不讳的联邦主义者，他相信强大的国家政府和稳定的社会。