With pyelonephritis, there may be flank pain, fever, and nausea or vomiting.

肾盂肾还伴有腹痛、发热以及恶心呕吐。

The disease often leads to urinary tract infections that can cause renal inflammation and scarring.

该病经常造成路，导致肾和瘢痕肾。

In people with urinary catheters, it causes urinary tract infections, or UTIs, like cystitis, pyelonephritis, or prostatitis.

在导的患者中，它可以引起路，例如道、膀胱、肾盂肾或者前列腺。

The infection causes systemic symptoms like fevers and flank pain at the costvertebral angle and is treated with antibiotics.

急肾盂肾导致全身症状，如发热、肋脊角痛；可使用抗生素治疗。

These systemic symptoms are what often distinguish acute pyelonephritis from a lower urinary tract infection.

这些全身症状常可用来区分急肾盂肾和下路。

Alright, so with membranous glomerulonephritis, the basement membrane becomes damaged which causes nephrotic syndrome.

好，所以在膜肾小球肾中，基底膜受损，可导致肾病综合。

If it goes untreated or the treatment is not successful, then membranous glomerulonephritis can progress to chronic renal failure.

如不加以治疗或治疗不成功，那么膜肾小球肾会进展成慢肾衰竭。

Alright another type of intrarenal AKI is glomerulonephritis, or GN, which means inflammation of the glomerulus.

好，另一类肾急肾损伤是肾小球肾，即GN，意味着肾小球的症。

GN is often caused by antigen-antibody complexes depositing in the glomerular tissue.

肾小球肾通常是由于抗原-抗体复合物沉积在肾小球组织。

Mr. Antonapoulos has been transferred to the infirmary. He is ill with nephritis. I will have someone show you the way.

Antonapoulos 先生已被转移到医务室。他患了肾。我会让人给你指路。

So focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is a type of nephrotic syndrome, that's helpful, but why does the glomerulus develop segmental sclerosis in the first place?

那么局灶节段肾小球肾是肾病综合的一种，这很有帮助，但肾小球是如何原发地产生节段硬化的呢？

So acute pyelonephritis is a type of upper urinary tract infection.

急肾盂肾是一种上路的。

So acute pyelonephritis describes an inflamed kidney that develops relatively quickly, usually as a result of a bacterial infection.

急肾盂肾中肾的症进展很快，病因通常为细菌。

So when there is glomerular injury, red blood cells sneak into the urine —causing hematuria, which contributes to this being a type of nephritic syndrome.

因此当肾小球损伤时，红细胞溜进液，导致血，也是肾综合的一个症状。

Chronic vesicoureteral reflux can cause pyelonephritis, or inflammation of the kidney, and renal scarring, or fibrosis which damages the kidney tissue.

慢膀胱输管反流可能导致肾盂肾，即肾脏出现症反应，以及瘢痕肾，即肾组织因纤维化而受损。

Bright's disease, I was relieved to find, I had only in a modified form, and, so far as that was concerned, I might live for years.

肾我也有，但使我到安慰的是，并不很严重。我还可以活很多年。霍乱我不仅有，而且带有严重的并发症。

So for ascending infections that cause acute pyelonephritis, the most common organisms are E. coli, Proteus species, and Enterobacter species, all of which are commonly found in the bowel flora.

对于上行路导致的急肾盂肾，最常见的致病菌是大肠杆菌、变形杆菌属、肠杆菌属等，以上都是常见的肠道菌群。

Other potential causes of renal papillary necrosis are chronic use of analgesics, like aspirin, as well as diabetes mellitus, sickle cell disease, and pyelonephritis.

其他肾乳头坏死的潜在原因是长期使用止痛药，如阿司匹林、糖病、镰状细胞疾病以及肾盂肾。

If Leptospira gets to the kidneys, it may infect the interstitium, causing interstitial nephritis, or it may cause an inflammatory reaction that damages the renal tubules, resulting in acute tubular necrosis.

如果钩端螺旋体进入肾脏，它会肾间质而引起间质肾，也能引发反应损伤肾小管，导致急肾小管坏死。

Alright, quick recap—membranous glomerulonephritis is where immune complexes deposit in the GBM, causing a thickening of that GBM and a " spike and dome" appearance that leads to nephrotic syndrome.

好，快速回顾一下：在膜肾小球肾中，免疫复合物沉积在肾小球基膜，引起肾小球基膜增厚和“钉状突起”，导致肾病综合。