The cholecystokinin makes its way to the gallbladder, the thin walled, green sac snuggling up against the liver, and signals it to squeeze out some bile through the cystic and bile ducts into the small intestine.

当胆收缩素到达胆（即位于右方肋骨下肝脏后方梨形袋构造），胆在激素信息下开始收缩，将胆汁通过胆管和胆管排入小肠内。

As an October 2011 study in the New England Journal of Medicine says: " Caloric restriction results in acute compensatory changes, including profound reductions in energy expenditure and levels of leptin and cholecystokinin and increases in ghrelin and appetite."

正如 2011 年 10 月发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上一项研究所说：“热量限制会导致急代偿变化，包括能量消耗、瘦素和胆收缩素水平显著降低，以及胃饥饿素和食欲增加。”

It looked like a typical gallbladder attack. He was a 68-year-old man.

这看起来像是典型胆疾病。他当时68岁，男。

Mr. Sorrento, when we removed your wife's gallbladder, we found that there were calcifications.

Sorrento 先生，在我们你太太切除胆过程中发现有钙化现象。

Well, the gallbladder is a tiny little bag that lives underneath the right lobe of the liver. As you can see here, it's attached via the cystic duct to the common bile duct.

嗯，胆是一个很小小袋子，位于肝右叶下方正如你在这里看到，它通过胆管连接到胆总管。

My gallbladder was working too hard because I was eating an unhealthy diet and not exercising enough, so inside my gallbladder, there were too big hard stones.

我胆非常辛苦，因为我饮食不健康，而且缺乏锻炼，所以我胆里结石又大又硬。

Alright, as a quick recap: gallstone ileus is where repeated cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder, cause a cholecystoenteric fistula to form, allowing gallstones to travel to the small bowel and become lodged, which can lead to mechanical obstruction.

得！快速回顾一下：胆石肠梗阻是由于反复发作胆，即胆疾病，会导致胆肠道瘘形成，胆结石可由此直接进入小肠使其堵塞，发机械肠梗阻。

So with the price of college tuition being what it is, and my mother had that gallbladder operation, well, we're just a little tapped out at the moment.

我得负担孩子大学学费，外加上我妈妈胆手术费用，所以，现在手头并不宽裕。

But while your liver creates the bile, it gets stored and concentrated in the neighboring gallbladder, the thin, green sac cozied up to the liver.

但是当你肝脏产生胆汁时，它被储存并集中在邻近胆中，薄，绿色靠近肝脏。

An autopsy was said to have turned up a high concentration of bacteria in her gallbladder.

据说尸检发现她胆里有高浓度细菌。

Next is the small intestine, where most of the digestion and absorption occurs, with the help of the liver's bile coming from the gallbladder and the pancreatic enzymes.

食物随后进入小肠，消化与吸收主要在小肠进行；当然，由肝脏生成、在胆贮存胆汁与胰酶对消化吸收也同样功不可没。

Less energy expenditure makes you more lethargic, less cholecystokinin means more hunger, less leptin signalling means more hunger and more ghrelin also means you're hungrier.

更少能量消耗会让人更嗜睡，更少胆收缩素、更少瘦素信号以及更多胃促生长素都会增加饥饿感。

If the gallstone is brown pigmented, it's often a sign of gallbladder or biliary tract infection, and often the stones have even ventured outside gallbladder and into the bile ducts.

如果胆结石是褐色，它通常是胆或胆道感染征兆，并且通常此类结石有脱出胆并进入胆管风险。

And I pulled out his chart because we were going to take him to the operating room to take out his gallbladder, and this remarkable story unfolded.

我拿出他病历，因为我们要带他去手术室取出他胆，这个非凡故事展开了。

So your gallbladder has probably been long incinerated and is just a memory at this point.

所以你胆可能早已被焚毁，此时只是记忆。

Why it starts to calcify though still remains a bit of a debate, though?

不过，胆钙化原因尚有争议。

Mrs. Sorrento, you have acute cholecystitis, which means that your gallbladder may have to come out.

Sorrento 夫人，你得了急胆，这意味着你胆可能要被切掉。

I knew as much as she did. She was clueless about how to treat cystic fibrosis. A simple cholecystectomy turned into a month-long stay.

我知道和她一样多。她很清楚要怎么治疗胆纤维症。一个很简单胆切除术，但要求一个月卧床。

This is pretty much your gallbladder's job— store and concentrate bile until the time comes to send it to the small intestine.

这差不多就是胆工作过程：储存并浓缩胆汁，然后将胆汁排入小肠。

This is where more enzymes are added from the pancreas to digest macronutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, while bile is added from the liver and gallbladder to help absorb fats.

这里有更多来自胰腺酶消化营养素，包括蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪，而来自肝脏和胆胆汁也帮忙吸收脂肪。