Frequently affected organs include the liver, where the bacterial toxins damage liver sinusoids and hepatocytes, causing bilirubin to spill into the bloodstream - which clinically translates as jaundice.

肝脏是常见器官，细菌释放毒素破坏肝窦及肝细胞，导致胆红素释放入液循环，在临床上表现为黄疸。

Although cirrhosis usually affects adults, even newborns can have complications like jaundice, or buildup of bilirubin in the blood, on account of poor excretion by the liver.

尽管肝硬化多见于年人，但新生儿也可有相应并发症，如黄疸，或由于肝脏代谢不良导致液中淤积胆红素。

These are made when there's too much bilirubin in the bile and it has combined with calcium to form the solid precipitate calcium bilirubinate.

当胆汁中含有过量胆红素时会形此类结石，由胆红素与结合形固体沉淀物胆红素。

Recycling of that heme group yields unconjugated bilirubin, which at high concentration can cause scleral icterus, jaundice, and bilirubin gall stones.

亚铁红素循环利用会产生非结合胆红素，其浓度过高会导致巩膜黄染、黄疸与胆红素胆结石。

In addition, serum amylase, lipase and bilirubin might sometimes be elevated.

此外，清淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胆红素有时可能升高。

Alright, so the other type is bilirubin or pigmented gallstones.

胆红素结石，或称胆色素结石。

Usually though, bile salts bind up the calcium ions and keep them from binding with and precipitating unconjugated bilirubin.

通常情况下，胆盐会结合离子，以此阻止离子与非结合胆红素结合并沉淀。

Since they're made partly of calcium, they'll usually be radiopaque, meaning you can see them on x-ray, here's an example showing pigmented gallstones on x-ray.

因为胆红素结石部分由，故它们无法透过射线，意味着可在X光片上看到这些结石，这里是一个胆色素结石在X射线下显影例子。

And, since the liver usually conjugates bilirubin, there'll be increased unconjugated bilirubin in the blood from a less-functional liver and that can lead to jaundice.

还有，由于肝脏能把液中过多非结合胆红素转变结合胆红素，肝脏功能减退还会引起液中非结合胆红素升高，引发黄疸。

Well the vast majority is conjugated, but there is a small amount of unconjugated bilirubin in bile, only about 1-2% of total bilirubin, which is only 1% of bile.

其实胆汁中绝大部分是结合胆红素，但仍有少量非结合胆红素，仅占总胆红素1-2%，占胆汁1%。

The brownness is due to this mix of unconjugated or hydrolyzed bilirubin and phospholipids.

结石褐色源自未结合胆红素，或水解胆红素，和磷脂混合物。

And the doctors there didn't even know what a high bilirubin was, and I passed.

那里医生甚至不知道高胆红素是什么，但我通过了检查。

She was asymptomatic, and her bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were normal.

她无症状，胆红素、碱性磷酸酶及谷氨酰转肽酶水平均正常。

And he was turning yellow and then orange with jaundice, with these high levels of bilirubin and just started to scratch and claw and was really, really miserable.

由于黄疸，胆红素含量很高，他皮肤颜色变黄，然后变橙色，他开始抓挠，真非常非常痛苦。

It manufactures blood proteins, destroys old erythrocytes and releases bilirubin, removes poisons (detoxificatien) from the blood, stores and releases glycogen needed by the body.

它生产浆蛋白，破坏衰老红细胞并释放胆红素，从液中去除毒素（解毒作用），储存和释放身体所需糖原。

I thought there was only conjugated bilirubin in bile?

这是怎么回事？难道胆汁里不是只有结合胆红素？

Bilirubin is a yellowish waste compound that’s produced when old red blood cells are broken down.

胆红素是一种淡黄色废物化合物，是在旧红细胞分解时产生。

Jaundice actually occurs when your blood contains an excess of the molecule bilirubin.

当您液中含有过量胆红素分子时， 就会出现黄疸。

He had high bilirubin levels in his blood, which is generally harmless on its own, but it was enough to flunk the physical.

他液中胆红素水平偏高，这通常本身并无害处，但已足以导致体检不合格。

Since it's the bilirubin in bile, we'd maybe assume that they're made of conjugated bilirubin, right?

由于是胆汁中胆红素，我们大概会认为它们是由结合胆红素构，对吧？