Dr Schwartz and his team coaxed embryonic stem cells to become retinal pigment epithelium tissue which supports the rod and cone cells that actually respond to light

他的团队诱导胚胎干细成为视网膜色素上皮组织细－其中的杆细及锥晶细对光线敏感。

And I started to ask these questions together with some brilliant collaborators at Microsoft Research and the University of Cambridge, where together we wanted to understand the biological program running inside a unique type of cell: an embryonic stem cell.

我开始和微软研究院与剑桥大学的一些出色的合作人士一起询问这些问题，我想要了解在一种独特细中 运行的生物程序：胚胎干细（ ES 细）。

Like embryonic stem cells, they, too, can become any kind of cell in the body.

类似于胚胎干细，也能够成为身体任何种类的细。

Medulloblastomas originate from embryonic stem cells and they tend to be extremely aggressive.

母细瘤来源于胚胎干细，往往极具侵袭性。

Cells derived from a donated early embryo were implanted into the retainer of the 60 year-old woman with age related macular degeneration, the most common cause of blindness in the UK.

医生将胚胎干细移植到了一名患有老年黄斑变性的60岁女性患者体内，在英国，该疾病也是导致失明最为常见的病因。

Unfortunately, it's the stem cells from embryos that have shown the biggest potential, for generating both a range of tissues and a ton of controversy.

不幸的是，只有胚胎干细的分化潜能是最大的——无论是产生一系列组织还是一大堆争论。

The models are made from stem cells — simple cells in the body that can develop into one of many specialized cells.

胚胎模型是由干细制成的，干细是体内可以发育成多种特化细之一的简单细。

The models are made from stem cells – simple cells in the body that can develop into one of many specialized cells.

胚胎模型是由干细制成的，干细是体内可以发育成多种特化细之一的简单细。

Scientists have cloned for the first time human embryos that can produce stem cells opening the door for treatments of various diseases.

科学家首次克隆出了人类胚胎干细，为不同疾病的治疗打开了大门。

Until now, two kinds of stem cells of human sources have been known: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.

目前已知的人类干细有两种：胚胎干细和成体干细。

Geron, just last year, started the first trial using human embryonic stem cells to treat spinal cord injuries.

杰龙去年开始第一次尝试用人类的胚胎干细治疗脊疾病。

Japanese researchers have grown teeth and even organs with embryonic stem cells from rats and mice.

日本研究人员已利用老鼠和小鼠的胚胎干细培育出了牙齿和胰腺、肾脏等器官。

Some brain cells have a limited ability to be replaced, especially during injury, and they do it by having undifferentiated stem cells - called embryonic stem cells - in the brain activate and mature into a specialized cell.

一些脑细拥有有限的再生功能，特别是在损伤时——由一种未分化的干细——胚胎干细在大脑中激活并分化成某种专门细。

Embryonic stem cell has the ability to differentiate into any necessary type of body cells, while adult stem cell has limited differentiation of cells specific only to its tissue origin.

胚胎干细有能力分化为任何必要类型的身体细，而成体干细的分化仅限于其组织来源的细。

In November, for example, a company in California cancelled what had been the first trial of human embryonic stem cells, in those with spinal injuries.

例如，去年11月，一家位于加州的公司取消了原定的首例人胚胎干细在脊损伤者身上的试验。

Embryonic stem cells, in particular, are “pluripotent”, meaning they are able to become any other type of cell.

“多能的”胚胎干细被再生医学家寄予厚望，所谓“多能”就意味着这些干细可以分化出多种其他类型的细。

These are regular skin, fat, liver, or other cells that scientists have changed to behave like embryonic stem cells.

这些细可以是普通的表皮、脂肪、肝或者其他种类的细，而科学家已能够将转变为具有胚胎干细功能的细。

Unlike tissue-specific stem cells, embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.

与组织特异性干细不同，胚胎干细有很多种功能。

Embryonic stem cells are created from leftover embryos that are willingly donated by patients from fertility clinics.

胚胎干细可以从多余的胚胎细中获得，这些胚胎细是由生育诊所一些愿意捐赠的患者那获得的。

Stem cells found in embryos can spin off a wide range of tissue types.

胚胎干细可以分化成多种组织类型。