For example the duct may take on a chain-of-lakes pattern due to alternating stenosis and dilation of the ducts.

例如管造影可能显示狭窄和扩张交替出现的“湖链征”。

A blocked duct is bad news because pancreatic juices start backing up, increasing the pressure, and leading to distention of the duct itself.

管阻塞是件很糟糕的事，因为液回流，增加管腔内压力，导致导管扩张。

To digest a meal, these zymogens are released into the pancreatic duct, and delivered to the small intestine where they are activated by the protease trypsin.

当消化食物，这些酶原被释放入管，然后进入小肠，在那里它们被酶激活。

With alcohol abuse it goes like this: alcohol increases zymogen secretion from acinar cells while decreasing fluid and bicarbonate production from the ductal epithelial cells.

酒精滥用是这样引发急性腺炎的：酒精增加腺泡细胞分泌酶原，同让管上皮细胞减少生成水和碳酸氢盐。

That gene encodes for an ion transporter, and mutations in that transporter cause the pancreatic secretions to become thick and sticky, leading to obstruction of the ducts.

这个基因编码一种离子转运体，该转运体的突变导致腺分泌物变得黏稠，引起管堵塞。

When the pancreatic acinar cells are damaged or the the pancreatic ducts are blocked, often because of alcohol abuse or gallstones, the inactive zymogens that the pancreas produces can be prematurely converted to active digestive enzymes.

通常由酒精滥用或胆结石导致的腺腺泡细胞受损或管阻塞，腺产生的无活性酶原可被过早转化为活性消化酶。