The process of turning carbs into fat is called de novo lipogenesis.

将碳水化合物转换成脂肪的过程叫脂质新。

This enzyme normally breaks down a lipid called GM2 ganglioside.

HEX-A正常情况下能降解一种叫做GM2神经节苷脂的脂质。

Just like the proteins, these lipids can also get into the urine, causing hyperlipiduria.

正如蛋白质一样，这些脂质也能进入尿中，称为高脂尿。

Most of the weight of your dehydrated brain would come from fats, also known as lipids.

脱水后的脑，其多数的重量来自脂肪，亦称为脂质。

To anything on a molecular scale water becomes a kind of heavy-duty gel, and a lipid is like iron.

在分子的层面上，对于任何东西而言，水成了重型凝胶，而脂质简直就像钢铁一样。

So when you heat vegetable oils, free radicals as well as small lipid fragments called aldehydes can form.

所以，当被加热时，菜油会产自由基和一种名叫乙醛的脂质碎片。

These lipids are pin shaped molecules whose heads are attracted to water, and tails are repulsed by it.

这些脂质是呈大头针状的分子，头部具有亲水性，尾部具有疏水性。

Without digestive enzymes, fat might pass right through the intestines undigested, leading to greasy and smelly stools—called steatorrhea.

没有了消化酶，脂质可能还没被消化就通过了小肠，导致大便油腻发臭——这被称为“脂肪泻”。

So in water-rich environments, lipids naturally form a shell like this, with the heads outside and the tails inside.

因此在富含水的环境中，脂质自然地形成了一个，侧由头部构成，内侧由尾部构成。

Their shared reaction to water makes the lipids stick loosely together—this is called the hydrophobic effect.

头尾对水的反应让脂质分子松散地附着在一起，这就是疏水效应。

Now, west nile virus enters host cells using a lipid membrane protein called E2 in a process called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

西尼罗河病毒利用脂质双分子层上的包膜蛋白（E）通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入宿主细胞。

A single drop of any brand of soap contains quadrillions of molecules called amphiphiles, which resemble biological lipids.

一小块任何品牌的香皂都包含着千万亿叫做两亲化合物的分子，类似物脂质。

Meanwhile, lipid- or fat-soluble molecules, like oxygen and carbon dioxide, can dissolve and then diffuse across the endothelial cell membranes.

同时，脂质或脂溶性分子，如氧气和二氧化碳，可溶解并通过内皮细胞膜扩散。

Either way, though, when you eat lipids, your body breaks down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

然而，不管怎样，当你吃脂质时，你的身体会将甘油三酯分解成甘油和脂肪酸。

Solubility is important because your cell membranes are made of lipids.

溶解性很重要，因为细胞膜是由脂质组成的。

Third, there's a lipid called an ionizable lipid.

第三，有一种叫做可电离脂质的脂质。

Their tails, which are similarly repulsed by water, compete for space with the lipids that make up the virus's shell.

它们疏水的尾部会与构成病毒的脂质争夺空间。

Obviously, that's going to affect whether their lipids look bad or good.

显然，这将影响他们的脂质看起来是坏是好。

In fact, if you eat enough carbohydrates and glucose, you literally have to convert it to fat via de novo lipogenesis.

事实上，如果摄入了过量的碳水化合物和葡萄糖，人体必须通过脂质新的过程将多余的葡萄糖转化为脂肪。

And just like with your lipids, your cells can improvise, and convert some amino acids to others if they're missing an ingredient.

就像你的脂质一样，你的细胞可以即兴发挥，如果缺少某种成分，就把一些氨基酸转化为其他氨基酸。