The pituitary gland is small – about the size of a pea.

脑垂体很小，大小豌豆差不多。

It is a rare type of pituitary apoplexy.

这是一种罕见脑垂体卒中。

A signal triggers the pituitary gland to release the hormone gonadotropin.

这个信号会促使脑垂体释放出促性腺。

Oh, there it is right there. On his pituitary. It's a rathke's cleft cyst.

哦，在这儿，就是这儿。在他脑垂体里，是一个 rathke 氏垂体瘤。

Several things can affect the pituitary gland's ability to produce growth hormones.

很多因会影响脑垂体分泌生长能力。

It is located at the base of the brain. This gland produces many hormones, not just the growth hormone.

脑垂体位于大脑下部。脑垂体会分泌出很多种，不只是生长。

Increased cell death within the pituitary also means that a number of hormone levels start to fall.

脑垂体细胞死亡增加，也意味着一些水平开始下降。

The pituitary gland then in turn activates the adrenal gland which results in secretion of the hormone's adrenaline and cortisone.

脑垂体进而刺肾上腺，导致分泌肾上腺松。

The pituitary gland then sends a signal to the adrenal glands.

然后脑垂体向肾上腺发送信号。

Central DI results from inadequate secretion and usually deficient synthesis of Arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.

中枢性尿崩症是由于下丘脑或脑垂体中精氨酸加压(AVP)分泌不足合成不足造成。

Growth hormone deficiency is mainly the result of damage to the pituitary gland, or hypothalamus, while the fetus is growing in the mother's womb.

生长缺乏症主要是胎儿在母亲子宫里时脑垂体或下丘脑受损造成结果。

So one of the areas that we encounter tumors and other types of pathologies is in the pituitary gland, at the very, very bottom of the brain.

脑垂体是我们遇到肿瘤其他病症区域之一，它在大脑最底部。

Because steroid receptors are found in parts of our central nervous system like the forebrain, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, steroids can lead to the classic roid rage.

因为类固醇受体是存在于我们神经中枢系统某些部分，比如前脑、下丘脑脑垂体，类固醇会导致典型类风湿性愤怒。

Delaying or inhibiting the arrival of these cells in certain areas of the body can result in an underdevelopment of the pituitary and adrenal glands, which govern fear and aggression.

延迟或抑制这些细胞到达身体某些区域会导致脑垂体肾上腺发育不全，这些腺体控制着恐惧攻击性。

Your fight or flight response switches on, the pituitary gland secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol is released, your heart rate shoots up, your digestion turns off and you really start moving.

此刻，我们立即进入了“或战或逃”状态，脑垂体分泌出促肾上腺皮质荷尔蒙皮质醇，心率急剧上升，消化系统关闭，准备逃跑。

All right, as a quick recap, in pregnancy the pituitary cells are getting just enough blood to survive because the lactotrophs increase in size and number, taking up more blood than usual.

好！快速回顾一下：在怀孕期间，脑垂体细胞仅能获得足够维持生存血供，这是因为泌乳细胞体积数量都增加了，比平常需要摄入更多血液。

So, even though the pituitary dials down its hormone production, in an effort to get the thyroid to stop, the thyroid does not get the message, because the receptors are still being activated.

所以，即使脑垂体降低了分泌，试图让甲状腺停止，甲状腺也没有收到信息，因为受体仍然被活。

So, postpartum pituitary gland necrosis is a disorder where cells in a pituitary gland of a new mother start to die - most commonly because excess blood loss during childbirth that leaves those cells without adequate blood flow.

因此，产后脑垂体坏死是一种生育后妇女垂体细胞开始出现死亡疾病，最常见原因是分娩过程中失血过多，导致这些垂体细胞缺乏血液供应。

And as it happens, both caffeine and alcohol inhibit the release of one of these hormones — called antidiuretic hormone, or ADH — which is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland to help the body retain water and stay hydrated.

事实上咖啡因酒精都会抑制抗利尿 ADH 释放，这种是由脑垂体后部分泌帮助身体保持水分水合状态。

When we experience a stressor— anything from a fight with a friend, to spotting a bear, to an infection or low blood sugar— the brain reacts by sending a signal from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland.

当我们遇到压力源时— — 从与朋友打架到发现熊、感染或低血糖— — 大脑会通过从下丘脑向脑垂体发送信号来做出反应。