Benign mucinous tumors are called mucinous cystadenomas, and often develop on only one ovary.

良性黏液性肿又被叫做黏液性囊，通常只出现在一侧的卵巢。

This applies to both functional cysts and benign neoplasms like endometriomas, as well as serous and mucinous adenomas.

这适用于功能性囊肿及诸如子宫膜异症囊肿、浆液性或黏液性囊等良性肿。

Instead, the pituitary adenoma simply grows in size and secretes too much ACTH.

相反，垂体只会增大，并分泌过多的ACTH。

This is described in several case reports of insulinoma diagnosed during pregnancy.

几篇关于怀孕期确诊的病例报告有谈到这点。

Unlike pituitary adenomas, ectopic sites of ACTH productions typically don't respond even to high doses of dexamethasone, and the serum cortisol remains high.

和垂体不同，异ACTH征一般对高剂量地塞米松没有反应，血清皮质醇还是会很高。

Benign serous tumors are called serous cystadenomas, and are the most common type, and often develop on both ovaries, and typically affect premenopausal women.

良性浆液性肿被称作浆液性囊，同时也是最常见的，通常出现在两侧卵巢，而且常见于绝经前的女性。

On the other hand, neoplastic cysts include endometriomas, serous and mucinous cystadenomas, and mature cystic teratomas, as well as malignant ovarian tumors.

另一种是赘生性囊肿，包括子宫膜异症囊肿、浆液性和黏液性囊、成熟囊性畸胎，以及恶性肿。

Low ACTH levels can be seen in adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, whereas high ACTH levels can be seen in Cushing disease and ectopic ACTH production.

肾上和肾上癌会检测出低水平ACTH，库欣病和异ACTH征会检测出高水平ACTH。

If Cushing syndrome is due to a pituitary adenoma - like in Cushing disease - then surgical excision of the adenoma may be needed.

如果库欣征是由于垂体导致，比如库欣病，那可能需要手术移除。

In some cases, Cushing syndrome results from a pituitary adenoma making excess ACTH, and in those situations it's called Cushing disease.

在某些病例中，库欣征是由垂体制造过多促肾上皮质激素导致的；在这种情况下，它被称作库欣病。

The second most common cause is called Conn syndrome and this is where an adenoma or tumor in the glandular epithelial cells secretes too much hormone.

第二常见的原因称为Conn征：这是由于起源于上皮细胞的或肿分泌过多的激素。

They form when there is a mutation in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene or APC gene, which is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell growth.

当结肠样息肉病（APC）基因突变时，结肠往往会形成；APC基因是一种调控细胞增殖的抑癌基因。

A different cause is a hyper functioning thyroid adenoma where the follicular cells start growing uncontrollably, forming a benign tumor that makes excess thyroid hormones.

另一个原因是功能亢进的甲状，即滤泡细胞的生长开始不受控制，形成一个产生过量甲状激素的良性肿。

In both adrenal adenomas and carcinomas, the cells of the zona fasciculata within the adrenal cortex start dividing abnormally and secrete excess cortisol.

在肾上和肾上癌中，肾上皮质里束状带的细胞开始异常分裂并分泌过多皮质醇。

Finally, the last category of neoplastic cysts include malignant ovarian tumours, like serous or mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, which develop from surface ovarian epithelium, just like their benign counterparts.

最后一种赘生性囊肿为卵巢恶性肿，如浆液或黏液囊癌，和良性的囊相似，它们也由表面的卵巢上皮形成。

The leading cause of that is a pituitary adenoma, which is a benign tumor of the pituitary gland- and this specific condition is called Cushing disease.

垂体是导致这一失常的主要原因，这是一种于垂体的良性肿，在这种特定情况下被称为库欣病。

Apart from pituitary adenomas, there are ectopic sources of ACTH like small cell lung cancer, and in these cases the excess ACTH is coming from somewhere other than the pituitary.

除了垂体，ACTH也有异来源，比如小细胞肺癌；在这种情况下，垂体以外的部分泌过多的ACTH。

Some originate from surface ovarian epithelium, such as serous cystadenomas, which are often bilateral and filled with a watery fluid, and mucinous cystadenomas, which tend to be multilocular and contain a mucus-like fluid.

其中有些起源于卵巢上皮，例如卵巢浆液性囊，常发病于双侧卵巢，充满水样液体；以及黏液性囊，一般为多房，含黏液。

Another common cause of endogenous Cushing syndrome is tumors of the adrenal glands that make excess cortisol - like adrenal adenomas, which are benign tumors, and adrenal carcinomas, which are malignant tumors.

另一种常见的源性库欣征的原因是肾上肿导致过多的皮质醇分泌，比如肾上，一种良性肿，还有肾上癌，一种恶性肿。

It can be exogenous, meaning drug-related, or endogenous, meaning that it's from an adrenal tumor or excess ACTH from a pituitary adenomas, in which case it's called Cushing disease or from an ectopic site like small cell lung cancer.

它可以是外源性，也就是药物相关；或源性，也就是由肾上肿或由垂体分泌过多ACTH造成，这种情况下叫做库欣病，或是源于异分泌，比如小细胞肺癌。