Caffeine, on the other hand, is kind of 'Trojan horse, ' its molecules bind to these adenosine receptors and block them, increasing your dopamine levels, and making you more alert.

不同的，咖啡因则一种“木”，它的分子与这些腺苷受体结合并阻断它们传递信息，增加你的多巴胺水平，使你更加清醒。

In fact, caffeine works by blocking adenosine's receptor pathways.

事实上，咖啡因靠阻断接受腺苷的感知器官来实现其作用的。

Firstly, caffeine blocks the receptors in the body for a compound called adenosine.

首先，咖啡因会阻断体内对腺苷化合物的受体。

Caffeine gets in there and blocks that receptor so you never feel that tiredness.

咖啡因到脑区后 阻碍腺苷与受体结合，所以你不会感到疲惫。

For example, 2021 research explains that caffeine increases alertness by blocking the brain chemical adenosine (which is what makes you feel tired), while at the same time triggering the release of adrenaline, known as the fight-or-flight hormone.

例如，2021 年的研究解释说，咖啡因通过阻断大脑化学物质腺苷（这让你感到疲劳的原因）来提高警觉性，同时触发肾上腺素的释放，肾上腺素被称“战斗或逃跑”荷尔蒙。

But throughout the day, as our neurons break down ATP for energy, the byproduct adenosine builds up and activates sleep control neurons near the hypothalamus.

但一天过后，当我们的神经元获取能量分解ATP时，副产物腺苷会在下丘脑附近建立并激活睡眠控制神经元。

Neurons in your brain have specific receptors that the neurotransmitter adenosine attaches to throughout the day to make you increasingly drowsy, helping you to fall asleep at night.

你大脑中的神经元有特定的受体，神经递质腺苷会全天附着在这些受体上，让你越来越困倦，从而有助于你在夜间入睡。

This ischemia is thought to trigger release of adenosine, bradykinin, and other molecules that stimulate nerve fibers in the myocardium that result in the sensation of pain.

心内膜下缺血被动腺苷、缓激肽等分子的释放，这些分子刺激心肌层神经末梢，导致痛觉产生。

It's part of the DNA and RNA backbone that links individual nucleotides together, and it's also part of cellular signaling molecules like cyclic-adenosine monophosphate or cAMP.

它连接单个核苷酸的DNA和RNA主干的一部分，也细胞信号分子的一部分，如单磷酸环腺苷（cAMP）。

But coffee is a very complex beverage that affects all kinds of hormones and neurotransmitters like Adenosine, Dopamine, Cortisol, Adrenaline, Cholecystokinin, and Gastrin.

但咖啡一种非常复杂的饮料，它会影响各种荷尔蒙和神经递质，比如腺苷、多巴胺、皮质醇、肾上腺素、胆囊收缩素和胃泌素。

They stopped staying in one place, and started taking advantage of those big stores of ATP to seek out other organisms for fuel.

它们不再停留在一个地方，而开始利用那些大量储存的三磷酸腺苷来寻找其他生物作燃料。

Because caffeine molecules look pretty darn similar to adenosine molecules, caffeine can bind to the exact same receptors and block their function.

因咖啡因的分子结构和腺苷酸的分子结构见鬼般的相似，它也能粘附在同样的受体上，阻滞腺苷酸的功能。

The caffeine works its way through your bloodstream and into the brain, where it starts to compete and binds with adenosine receptors.

咖啡因顺着血液流至大脑，并开始与腺苷作斗争，与腺苷的受体结合。

Just because we've known about Zeno's Paradox or Beyonce's Lemonade or Adenosine Triphosphate for a long time doesn't mean they're common knowledge.

我们很早就知道芝诺悖论、碧昂斯的柠檬水或三磷酸腺苷，但这并不意味着它们常识。

They are managed by the rise and fall of certain chemicals such as the hormones melatonin and cortisol, and the neurotransmitter adenosine.

它们由某些化学物质的上升和下降来控制，例如褪黑激素和皮质醇激素以及神经递质腺苷。

The first bit of glucose gets delivered throughout the body and is tapped to generate ATP on the spot, through cellular respiration.

第一部分葡萄糖被输送到全身，并通过细胞呼吸当场产生三磷酸腺苷。

Lift up his arm. The nurses always lift the arm when they push adenosine. it gets to the heart faster.

举起他的胳膊，护士在注射腺苷的时候都举起胳膊的。这样才会很快到达心脏。

So, this causes the G-protein to becomes permanently activated and it keeps activating a membrane-bound protein called adenylate cyclase.

因此，这导致G蛋白被永久激活，并继续激活称腺苷酸环化酶的膜结合蛋白。

Under normal circumstances, adenosine triggers these receptors and it produces a feeling of relaxation and even drowsiness for some people.

在正常情况下，腺苷会触发这些受体，让一些人产生放松甚至困倦的感觉。

Hypoxia prevents their mitochondria from producing Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP, which is the cell's main source of energy.

缺氧使线粒体产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的过程受阻，而ATP正细胞主要的能量来源。