15 years after Europe switched to chip-and-pin.

欧洲15年前就开始使用芯片卡付款系统了。

Eleven years after that ImageNet competition, Nvidia is the main supplier of chips for building and updating AI systems.

ImageNet竞赛举办11年后，英伟达成为构建和升级人工智能系统的芯片的主要供应商。

SoC is an abbreviation for system on a chip, part of a smartphone that combines memory, graphics, a modem and other components.

SoC是芯片上系统的缩写，智能手机的一部分，它结合了内存、图形、调制解调器和其他组件。

We also have a set of accelerometers, along with a programmable SOC.

我们还有一组加速度计，以及一个可编程的系统级芯片。

Amazon has been steadily building out an ecosystem of their own chips to power their AI ambitions.

亚马逊一直稳步构建自己的芯片生态系统，以实现其人工智能的雄心。

Apple has finally put this chip in a desktop system, the Mac Studio, which is exciting news in itself.

Apple 终于将这款芯片用于桌面系统 Mac Studio，这本身就是一个令人振奋的消息。

For example, we call the SOC the brain, or the camera can be considered similar to a human eye.

例如，我们将系统级芯片称为大脑，或者可以认为摄像头类似于人眼。

Okay, with all of these notes covered, let's move on to understand how this system-on-a-chip works.

好的，把这些笔记都讲清楚了，让我们继续了解一下这个系统级芯片是如何工作的。

First, the data path between the SoC and the DRAM is shared by everything.

先，系统级芯片和动态随机存取存储器之间的数据路径是共享的。

Rather similarly, this system on a chip is divided into different functional areas.

类似地，这个系统级芯片被划分为不同的功能区域。

Every SoC eventually makes its way onto a printed circuit board.

每个系统级芯片最终都会被安装到印刷电路板上。

The next step is for the Image Signal Processor, or ISP, on the SOC

下一步是由系统级芯片上的图像信号处理器（ISP）进行处理。

Separately, Cisco Systems says it is releasing a new chip networking system to connect AI data centers across hundreds of miles.

此外，思科系统公司宣布将推出一款新型芯片网络系统，用于连接相距数百英里的AI数据中心。

However, all this information still begs the question of, how do these SoCs get designed and manufactured?

然， 所有这些信息仍然引出了一个问题，这些系统级芯片是如何设计和制造出来的？

And a smaller yet increasing proportion of SOCs are manufactured by Samsung.

且，由三星制造的系统级芯片的比例虽然较小，但正逐渐增加。

So that acceleration in demand for its chips to train and to operate AI systems has really given it a geyser of money.

因此，市场对用于训练和运行人工智能系统的芯片需求激增，为其带来了滚滚财源。

For now, here's what a nanoscopic view of the SOC looks like.

目前，这里展示的是系统级芯片的纳米级视图。

And on the bottom is the SoC, the brains of your smartphone.

底部的是系统级芯片，它是你的智能手机的大脑。

And we'll explore what a nanoscopic view of the SOC would actually look like

我们将探索系统级芯片的纳米级视图实际上是什么样子。

One confusing detail is that different generations of SoCs use different marketing names and mix multiple functions into different functional blocks.

一个令人困惑的细节是，不同代的系统级芯片使用不同的营销名称，并将多种功能混合到不同的功能块中。