And in many cases this dust is laced with complex molecules called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

在许多情况下，这些尘埃中还夹杂着一种叫做多环芳烃的复杂分子。

Turns out dark ale cut PAH levels in half, compared to unmarinated meat.

而研究结果显示相比没有浸泡过的肉类，经黑啤酒浸泡后可以将多环芳烃的生成减少一半。

PAHs are made up of fused rings of carbon atoms-think of chicken wire.

多环芳烃是由碳原子的熔合环组成的——想想铁丝网。

Because PAHs form with the help of free radicals, and antioxidants could slow down that process.

为多环芳烃需要借助自由基生成，而抗氧化物质能减缓这一过程。

They looked at chemicals known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, which are another by-product of combustion.

研究了被称为多环芳烃的化物质，这是燃烧的另一种副产品。

Let those aromatics and oils be released.

让那些芳烃和油被释放。

But before we talk about aromatics, let's talk about the most basic cyclic structures, the cycloalkanes.

但在我谈论芳烃之前， 让我先谈谈最基本的环状结构， 即环烷烃。

So far we've just been looking at the cyclic hydrocarbons, so what's up with the aromatics?

到目前为止， 我一直在关注环烃， 那么芳烃又如何呢？

The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon (and one of the most common) is benzene (C6H6).

最简单的芳烃（也是最常见的一种）是苯 (C6H6)。

To determine the origin of the soot, the researchers looked at the structure and chemistry of the PAHs buried along with it.

为了确定烟灰的来源，研究人员观察了与烟灰一起掩埋的多环芳烃的结构和化成分。

Like any organic compound, aromatics can undergo tons of reactions that produce all sorts of molecules.

与任何有机化合物一样， 芳烃会发生大量反应， 从而产生各种分子。

PAHs generated from burning wood don't have many spikes, but PAHs from burning fossil carbon-like what would have been in the target rocks-have more.

燃烧木材产生的多环芳烃没有很多峰值，但燃烧化石碳产生的多环芳烃——比如目标岩石中的多环芳烃——有更多峰值。

Now aromatics can have all sorts of substituents as well, and the naming system is pretty much the same as with other cyclics.

现在芳烃也可以有各种取代基，命名系统与其环状化合物几乎相同。

Lyons and her team found that most of the PAHs deposited after the impact were spiky, which suggests that soot from the rocks hit by the asteroid played a major role in the mass extinction.

里昂斯和她的团队发现，撞击后沉积的大多数多环芳烃呈尖状，这表明小行星撞击岩石产生的烟尘在大规模灭绝中扮演了重要角色。

Because we're designing a brand new aircraft, we can design the fuel system and the engine to use different materials that don't need those aromatics and enable us to truly use 100% sustainable aviation for.

为我正在设计一款全新的飞机，我可以设计燃油系统和发动机使用不需要那些芳烃的材料，从而真正实现使用100%可持续航空燃料。