It is considered the best growth medium for anthrax spores.

那被认为是炭疽芽孢最好的长介质。

They've actually added a gene from a bacteria called bacillus thuringiensis.

他们实际上添加来叫做苏云金芽孢杆菌的细菌的基因。

This infectious bacterium forms spores in the colon that are immune to antibiotics and very difficult to destroy.

这具备传染性的细菌在结肠中形成对抗素免疫且难以消灭的芽孢。

So, once he was there, how long do you estimate it would take him to assess the spores' progress?

如果他在实验室，你觉得他需要多久来完成对炭疽芽孢的评估？

When conditions improve, for example, when food is slowly cooled or stored, the spores can sprout into full-fledged Clostridia.

当环境改善时，比如食物变凉或被封存，芽孢会释放出全新的梭菌。

Alright, as a quick recap, Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe that resides in the soil.

得！我们快速复习下：产气荚膜梭菌是革兰氏阳性、有芽孢的厌氧菌，通常居于土壤中。

After much research, he saw the microbe Bacillus anthracis with his microscope, proving that a germ could cause a disease.

经过大量研究，他用显微镜看到炭疽芽孢杆菌，细菌可以引起疾病。

Spores of Clostridium tetani are most often introduced into the body through penetrating trauma, like a puncture wound.

破伤风梭菌的芽孢最常通过穿透性损伤进入人体，如刺伤。

Then, when environmental conditions improve, the spores are able to sprout into fully fledged Clostridia.

等到环境改善，芽孢萌出，成长为成熟的梭状芽孢杆菌。

This is Bacillus subtilis. Those white dots that you see are spores.

这是枯草芽孢杆菌。你看到的那些白点是孢子。

So this is bacillus anthracis, will start to grow.

所以这是炭疽芽孢杆菌，将会开始长。

The bacteria Bacillus Cereus was identified as the causative agent.

细菌蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus Cereus）被鉴定为致病因子。

Certain strains of Bacillus Cereus produce cereulide in its microenvironment.

某些蜡状芽孢杆菌菌株在其微环境中产cereulide。

Previous research has found that spores of a common bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, can survive in space.

先前的研究发现， 常见细菌枯草芽孢杆菌的孢子可以在太空中存活。

One bacterium, known as Paenibacillus sp.

被称为类芽孢杆菌的细菌。

The bacterium that causes anthrax, Bacillus anthracis, is a tiny, rod-shaped organism that is visible only under a microscope.

引起炭疽的细菌， 炭疽芽孢杆菌，是只有在显微镜下才能看到的细小杆状物。

And when they feel the stress of fresh, oxygenated air they often produce spores, which are metabolically inert and extremely resilient to the environment.

旦感受到来新鲜富氧的空气的刺激，他们便形成芽孢；芽孢新陈代谢缓慢，环境适应性极强。

And, sure enough, fluorescent microscopy confirmed that fragments of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly secreted by those bees which had been fed with the laced sugarwater.

果然，荧光显微镜实幼虫芽孢杆菌的碎片进入那些用加糖水的蜜蜂分泌的蜂王浆中。

Moreover, examination of this royal jelly revealed elevated levels, compared with royal jelly from bees that had not been dosed with P. larvae, of an antimicrobial peptide known as defensin-1.

而且，荧光显微镜确实实幼虫芽孢杆菌的碎片正在进入那些用掺有糖水的蜜蜂分泌的蜂王浆中。

And an important point is that Clostridium spores can get introduced from dirty wounds like a rusty nail as well as clean wounds like a recently washed kitchen knife.

很重要的点是，破伤风梭菌芽孢不仅可通过污染性伤口进入人体，如被锈的钉子扎伤，也可通过“看似干净的伤口”进入人体，如被刚清洗过的菜刀割伤。