Then, when environmental conditions improve, the spores are able to sprout into fully fledged Clostridia.

等到环境改善，芽萌出，成长为成熟梭状芽杆。

It is considered the best growth medium for anthrax spores.

被认为是炭疽芽最好生长介质。

This infectious bacterium forms spores in the colon that are immune to antibiotics and very difficult to destroy.

这种具备传染性细在结肠中形成对抗生素免疫且难以消灭芽。

So, once he was there, how long do you estimate it would take him to assess the spores' progress?

如果他在实验室，你觉得他需要多久来完成对炭疽芽评估？

Spores of Clostridium tetani are most often introduced into the body through penetrating trauma, like a puncture wound.

破伤风梭芽最常通过穿透性损伤进入人体，如刺伤。

After much research, he saw the microbe Bacillus anthracis with his microscope, proving that a germ could cause a disease.

经过大量研究，他显微镜看到了炭疽芽杆，证明了细可以引起疾病。

This is Bacillus subtilis. Those white dots that you see are spores.

这是枯草芽杆。你看到些白点是子。

One bacterium, known as Paenibacillus sp.

一种细，称为类芽杆属。

Certain strains of Bacillus Cereus produce cereulide in its microenvironment.

某些蜡状芽杆株在其微环境中产生cereulide。

The bacteria Bacillus Cereus was identified as the causative agent.

细蜡状芽杆（Bacillus Cereus）被鉴定为致病因子。

Previous research has found that spores of a common bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, can survive in space.

先前研究发现， 一种常见细枯草芽杆子可以在太空中存活。

When conditions improve, for example, when food is slowly cooled or stored, the spores can sprout into full-fledged Clostridia.

当环境改善时，比如食物变凉或被封存，芽会释放出全新梭。

And when they feel the stress of fresh, oxygenated air they often produce spores, which are metabolically inert and extremely resilient to the environment.

一旦感受到来自新鲜富氧空气刺激，他们便形成芽；芽新陈代谢缓慢，环境适应性极强。

Alright, as a quick recap, Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe that resides in the soil.

得！我们快速复习一下：产气荚膜梭是革兰氏阳性、有芽厌氧，通常居于土壤中。

And, sure enough, fluorescent microscopy confirmed that fragments of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly secreted by those bees which had been fed with the laced sugarwater.

果然，荧光显微镜证实了幼虫芽杆碎片进入了些加了糖水蜜蜂分泌蜂王浆中。

Moreover, examination of this royal jelly revealed elevated levels, compared with royal jelly from bees that had not been dosed with P. larvae, of an antimicrobial peptide known as defensin-1.

而且，荧光显微镜确实证实了幼虫芽杆碎片正在进入些掺有糖水蜜蜂分泌蜂王浆中。

His team has completed deciphering the Bacillus F DNA but now faces the complicated task of figuring out which genes are responsible for the longevity of the virus.

他团队已经完成了对芽杆 F DNA 破译，但现在面临着弄清楚哪些基因与病毒寿命有关复杂任务。

And an important point is that Clostridium spores can get introduced from dirty wounds like a rusty nail as well as clean wounds like a recently washed kitchen knife.

很重要一点是，破伤风梭芽不仅可通过污染性伤口进入人体，如被生锈钉子扎伤，也可通过“看似干净伤口”进入人体，如被刚清洗过菜刀割伤。

Matrix producers pump out the extracellular goo, swimmers assemble flagella and are free to move about or migrate, and spore-formers produce dormant, tough endospores that survive starvation, temperature extremes, and harmful radiation.

基质制造者能够分泌细胞外粘性物质，鞭毛可以自由活动和迁移，芽生产休眠、坚硬子内壁，子内壁能够在饥饿、极端温度、以及有害射线下生存。

Basilisk Healing Agent consists of tiny pellets that hold dried spores from a range of bacteria belonging to the genera Planococcus, Bacillus and Sporosarcina, together with nutrients including polylactic acid.

Basilisk Healing Agent 由微小颗粒组成， 这些颗粒含有来自平球属、 芽杆属和子八叠球属一系列细干燥子，以及包括聚乳酸在内营养物质。