Finally, children with sickle cell typically get prophylaxis with penicillin and an additional polysaccharide vaccine against Streptococcus pneumoniae to help prevent sepsis and meningitis with encapsulated bacteria.

最后，镰状细胞病儿童通常会预防性使用青霉素以及其它多糖疫苗，以对抗肺炎链球菌，有助于预防荚菌引发的败脑炎。

Klebsiella has an abundant polysaccharide capsule which leads to the formation of very mucoid and viscous pink colonies.

克雷伯杆菌具有很厚的多糖成分的荚，所以可以产生很多黏性物质使得菌落非常粘稠。

Having an absent or non-functional spleen means a person is susceptible to encapsulated bacteria - like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Salmonella species - since encapsulated bacteria are normally opsonized and then phagocytized by macrophages in the spleen.

无脾或脾功能丧失使人容易感染荚菌，例如肺炎链球菌、流感嗜杆菌、脑炎奈瑟菌与沙门氏菌，因为荚菌通常被脾脏的巨噬细胞调理并吞噬。

Clostridium perfringens is a common cause of food poisoning, in fact, it's sometimes called " the cafeteria germ" .

产气荚梭菌，是引起食物毒的常见病原体；事实上，它有时被称为“自助餐细菌”。

Some bacteria are covered by a capsule which acts as a shield that protects the bacteria against phagocytosis and also helps the bacteria adhere to surfaces.

有些细菌被荚包被，可以作为保护细菌免受吞噬作用的屏障，并帮助细菌附着在细胞表面上。

Underneath the capsule, there's an outer membrane, which consist of lipopolysaccharides, or LPS.

荚的下面是一，主要成分是脂多糖（LPS）。

Now, instead of getting into food, Clostridium perfringens can also sometimes get into a wound.

此，除了污染食物，产气荚梭菌有时也会感染伤口。

This can happen when wounds are made by dirty, sharp objects, that come into contact with soil that's rich with Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes, like gardening or farming equipment.

当伤口由如园艺或农场工具等土壤污染的锐器造成时，会发生感染，是因为土壤可能富含产气荚梭菌以及其他厌氧菌。

This capsule is a major virulence factor because of its antiphagocytic ability.

荚具有抗吞噬的作用，所以是其主要的毒力因子。

And some of them will have a capsule on the outside of that.

其一些在细胞还包裹着一荚。

Clostridium perfringens results in gascrine green, which is answer choice A. Answer choice B of painless necrotic ulcers and answer choice C of oil-like skin lesions is usually seen in cutaneous anthrax.

产气荚梭菌（Clostridium perfringens）引发的病表现为绿色气体积聚，对应选项A。 而选项B所述的无痛性坏死性溃疡及选项C的油状皮肤损伤， 通常是皮肤炭疽病的特征性表现。

The symptoms of Clostridium perfringens enteritis include abdominal cramping, watery diarrhea, and vomiting.

产气荚梭菌性肠炎的状包括腹部绞痛、水样泻、呕吐。

There's been an outbreak of salmonella and clostridium perfringens, another bacterial infection, in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

AZUZ：美国路易斯安那州爆发了沙门氏菌产气荚梭菌，这是另一种细菌感染。

They were able to extract and grow an ancient strain of a bacteria called Clostridium perfringens.

他们成功提取并培养出一种名为产气荚梭菌的古老细菌菌株。

Specifically, bacterial infections with encapsulated bacteria.

具体来说，是有荚细菌的细菌感染。

Most of the bacteria that do make it out of the permafrost don't infect humans, and the ones that can, like anthrax and Clostridium.

大多数能够从永久冻土逃逸出来的细菌并不会感染人类，而那些能够感染人类的，比如炭疽杆菌产气荚梭菌。

Clostridium perfringens food poisoning typically causes mild symptoms, lasts about a day, and resolves without antibiotics.

产气荚梭菌食物毒产生的状比较轻微，持续约一天，无需抗生素可自行缓解。

But uncooked food - like salads, or reheated food - like leftovers, can be a good home to Clostridium perfringens.

而如沙拉等生食或二次加热的剩菜等食物，可以成为产气荚梭菌的优良培养基。

Clostridium perfringens are found out in the environment and they can accidentally contaminate food when it's been left out for a while.

产气荚梭菌在我们身边的环境就有；它们可能恰巧污染了放置在面一阵子的食物。

In the lab, when doing a gram stain, Clostridium perfringens is Gram-positive, or purple when Gram stained, and look like big cylinders or rods, also called bacilli.

实验室做革兰氏染色时，产气荚梭菌显紫色（革兰氏阳性）：很像个大圆柱或棒子，因此也叫杆菌。