And the FDA has been on this for a long time.

食品及药管局一直这个问题很长时间了。

Many more will have genetic variants that affect how their body processes some medicines.

更多人会有变异基因，而这会影响他们身某些药方式。

Heating up urine kills germs, but has no effect on chemicals like drugs that pass through our bodies.

给尿液加热虽然能杀死细菌，但却对化学质（比如经过人药）没有效果。

That's because how they process medicine changes quickly, as do their bodies.

这是因为随着身快速成长，他们对药方式也在迅速变化。

Genetics, age, diet, disease, and even pregnancy influence the body's efficiency of processing medicine.

遗传、年龄、饮食、疾病甚至怀孕都会影响身药效率。

And so he's the best one to talk to about specifically how they handle long-term drug treatment.

他就是最合适谈话对象，具谈谈他们是如何长期药治疗。

The researchers concluded from that that the MC1R gene also influences how we process painkillers, drugs and alcohol.

研究人员由此得出结论，MC1R基因还影响着我们对止痛药、药和酒精方式。

Finding important medicine By dealing with the data, AI can find new medicine for different diseases.

寻找重要药 通过数据，人工智能可以为不同疾病找到新药。

In other cases, one substance effects how the body processes another, like how it is absorbed, metabolized, or transported around the body.

另一类则是一种质会影响身对另一种药方式，例如它吸收、新陈代谢或者被运送到身各方式等。

One of those products is Deterra drug disposal pouches, which apparently contain activated carbon and cost about $4 each.

其中一款产品是Deterra药袋，据称含有活性炭， 每只售价约4美元。

Each one is supposed to have a yellow bucket to dispose of the chemo so nobody else has to touch it.

每个人都应该有一个黄色桶来化疗药，这样别人就不用接触了。

And that's just one of many complicating factors. Genetics, age, diet, disease, and even pregnancy influence the body's efficiency of processing medicine.

这只是众多复杂因素之一。基因、年龄、饮食、疾病，甚至怀孕都会影响身药效率。

But part of the driving factor behind effective change in the past was that we had hard data about the direct negative impacts of badly handled medication.

但过去有效改变背后部分驱动因素是，我们有关于药不当直接负面影响确凿数据。

And then the null hypothesis says no, your mean with the drug's going to be the same thing as the population mean, it has no effect.

然后原假设说， 不，你药后均值将会和总均值一样， 它没有效果。

When somebody wanted antibiotics and I didn't want to give it to them, man, it was almost harder than when somebody was really prying you for opioids.

当有人要求抗生素而我不愿开给他们时，那种情况几乎比有人拼命向你索要阿片类药还要难。

That's because how they process medicine changes quickly, as do their bodies. For instance, the level of liver enzymes that neutralize medication highly fluctuates during infancy and childhood.

这是因为他们药方式变化很快，就像他们身一样。例如，中和药作用肝酶水平在婴儿期和儿童期波动很大。

Our job has changed completely in the last seven to 10 years, said Jan Rader, the fire chief of Huntington, W.Va., in January, one day after her department was called to three overdose deaths.

“在过去七到十年里，我们工作完全变了，”1月份，华盛顿州亨廷顿消防队长简·雷德说到，就在前一天，在她部门曾三次被召集起来药过量致死案件。

On average, the system removed more than two-thirds of both pain relievers and more than 90 percent of the blood-sugar medicine. It worked even better against the estrogen-treatment drug, removing 97 percent!

该系统平均去除了两种止痛药中超过三分之二成分，以及超过90%血糖控制药。在雌激素治疗药方面，它表现更为出色，去除了97%药成分！

Timothy Leary, a psychologist at Harvard University, was one of the best-known workers in the field, but it was also he who was widely blamed for discrediting it, by his unconventional research methods and his lax handling of drugs.

哈佛大学心学家蒂莫西? 利瑞（Timothy Leary）就是该领域最为知名人士之一，不过他也因为其非传统研究方法和他对对药不严格而让这个药声名狼藉，进而广受诟病。

This might be news to people, but unlike most drugs, the FDA lists opioids on its flush list for disposal, which is bad news for Deterra, but another huge win for the toilet, the greatest invention in human history.

这可能是新闻，但与大多数药不同，FDA将阿片类药列入了冲洗清单，这对Deterra来说是个坏消息，但对马桶——人类历史上最伟大发明——又是一个巨大胜利。