I mean, they transmit leptospirosis and hantavirus.

我是说，他们可能会 传染细螺旋体病或是汉他病。

Leptospira is also a motile bacteria because it has flagella that help it move around.

钩端螺旋体也是能动菌，因为它有可以帮助运动的鞭毛。

Rats can spread diseases like leptospirosis, which can lead to kidney and liver failure.

老鼠可能会传播钩端螺旋体病等疾病，这疾病可能会导肾和肝脏衰竭。

Most commonly, Leptospira gets into the host system via abrasions or cuts on the skin.

钩端螺旋体般通过皮肤表面创口进入宿主体内。

There are also tick-borne causes of meningitis like Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria - which the cause of Lyme disease.

脑膜炎也有蜱传播病因，比如像莱姆病螺旋体菌，这也是莱姆病病因。

Sometimes magnetic fields can twist plasma in the Sun's atmosphere into majestic helical shapes called " flux ropes" .

有时磁场会将太阳大气层中的的等离子体扭曲，成为被称做“通量绳”的宏伟的螺旋体。

Leptospirosis is treated with penicillin G, and doxycycline can be used as an alternative.

钩端螺旋体病的治疗主要施用抗素苄青霉素，多西环素可作为备选。

The Leptospira genus has over 20 species, and the most common species that causes leptospirosis in humans is Leptospira interrogans.

钩端螺旋体属有超过20亚属，其中问号钩端螺旋体（Leptospira interrogans）是导人类钩端螺旋体病的最常见病菌。

Leptospira causes a zoonotic infection called leptospirosis, which has two phases.

钩端螺旋体会导名为钩端螺旋体病的人畜共通传染病，其有两个阶段。

Lyme disease, you know, it's a spirochete.

莱姆病，你知道，它是螺旋体。

It's important to reflect that only 10% of cases of leptospirosis ever move to Vile's disease.

重要的是要认识到，只有10%的钩端螺旋体病病例会发展为维尔氏病。

And researchers have found that bones from this era suggest the presence of tuberculosis and treponemal infections.

研究人员发现，这个时代的骨头表明存在结核病和密螺旋体感染。

Probably one of the worst ones that people know about is Vile's disease, a type of leptospirosis.

人们所知的最严重的疾病之可能是维尔氏病，这是钩端螺旋体病。

Alright, as a quick recap, leptospira is a genus of tiny spiral gram-negative bacteria that can be seen under a darkfield microscope.

得！快速回顾下：钩端螺旋体是细小的革兰氏阴性菌，它可以在暗视野显镜中被观察到。

Meanwhile, in local news, health officials warn that leptospirosis transmitted by rat urine is on the rise in New York City.

与此同时，在当地新闻中，卫官员警告说，由老鼠尿液传播的钩端螺旋体病在纽约市呈上升趋势。

And suddenly you find a huge coil of hardened sand stuck deep in the earth, about three and a half meters tall.

突然你会发现根巨大的沙质硬块螺旋体深深嵌入地下，大约有三米多高。

They include cat-scratch fever from our cats, leptospirosis from our dogs, psittacosis from our chickens and parrots, and brucellosis from our cattle.

它们包括来自我们的猫的猫抓热、来自我们的狗的钩端螺旋体病、来自我们的鸡和鹦鹉的鹦鹉热以及来自我们的牛的布鲁氏菌病。

Now, Leptospira is a tiny spiral bacteria, that stains poorly with Gram staining, because it doesn't retain the Gram dyes well, so it's classically considered gram-negative.

钩端螺旋体是细小的螺旋形病菌，革兰氏染色效果较差，因为它不能很好地保留染色剂，所以通常认为它是革兰氏阴性菌。

It's also too tiny to be seen with a light microscope, so to visualize it, you need a darkfield microscope with use of immunofluorescence is required.

这细菌也因为体型太细而难以在光学显镜下显像，所以为了能够看见钩端螺旋体，人们需要使用暗视野显镜以及荧光染色剂。

Better established is Lyme disease, caused by a spirochete that we get from the bite of ticks carried by mice and deer.

比较确定的是莱姆病，它是由老鼠和鹿携带的蜱虫叮咬后感染的螺旋体引起的。