Percolating into empty cracks and cavities, such as those found in breccias, it creates flowstones.

渗透到空的裂缝和空腔中，例如在角砾岩中发现的裂缝和空腔，它会产生。

The team now reckon the Member 4 breccia formed between 3.4m and 3.6m years ago, over a million years earlier than believed.

该团队现在估计 Member 4 角砾岩形成于 340 万至 360 万年前，人们认为的早了 100 万年以上。

To test that idea, they directly dated the cave breccias in Members 2 and 4 using cosmogenic nuclide dating, which Dr Granger helped develop.

为了验证这个法，们使用格兰杰博士帮助开发的宇宙成因核素测年法，直接对成员 2 和成员 4 中的洞穴角砾岩进行了测年。

Using this method Dr Granger and colleagues determined, in 2015, that the breccia in Member 2 is 3.7m years old—1.5m years more ancient than originally thought.

使用这种方法，Granger 博士及其同事在 2015 年确定，成员 2 中的角砾岩有 370 万年的历史——最初认为的要古老 150 万年。

When a breccia-forming object falls into a cave, it finds itself shielded from cosmic rays, and the steady decay of its existing cosmogenic nuclides can be used to determine how long ago it fell in.

当形成角砾岩的物体落入洞穴时， 它发现自己免受宇宙射线的影响， 并且其现有的宇宙成因核素的稳定衰变可以用来确定它落入洞穴的时间。