But I think the discussion becomes much more interesting when we take into account the epistemological question about the extent to which we can really know and understand consciousness, and the subsequent questions of methodology.

但我认为，当我们考虑到认识论的问题，即我们能多大程度上真正了解和解意识，以及随后的方法论问题时，讨论就会变得有趣得多。

Those are questions that epistemology might try to answer.

些问题可能是认识论试图回答的。

I know it's a really unsatisfying answer, epistemologically, but yeah, that's kind of the case.

我知道从认识论的角度，是一个非常令人不满的答案，但确实有点样。

We always kind of flip back to the epistemological problem.

我们总是不自觉地回到认识论的问题上。

Sure, you can play an epistemological game.

当然，你可以玩一个认识论的游戏。

And you get into all of these arguments about meta-ethics and meta-epistemology.

于是，你便卷入了关于元伦学和元认识论的种种争论之中。

One is, I guess, a question of epistemology.

我想，首先是一个认识论的问题。

Somewhere between his roots as a precocious young biologist and his later fascination with epistemology, Jean Piaget carved out his own niche in a discipline that he called genetic epistemology, the study of how intelligence changes as children grow.

早年间作为早慧的年轻生物学家与后对认识论的着迷之间，让·皮遗传认识论一领域开辟了自己的专长，该学科研究的是随着儿童成长， 智力如何变化。

The novels can be interpreted as a bit to dramatize the epistemic challenges of an encounter with the divine is David stubbornly irrational cast of mind a sign that he is anointed or merely a child.

些小说可以被解读为一定程度上夸大了与神圣相遇时的认识论挑战，戴维顽固的非性思维是否是他被选中的标志，还是仅仅是一个孩子的表现。

And then there's epistemological commitment, right, and the idea of the epistemological commitment is that, you know, if we have a very well-tuned historical methodology, we can actually access that structured, organized, already with meaning past.

还有认识论承诺，对吧，认识论承诺的想法是，如果我们有一个非常精细的历史研究方法，我们实际上可以接触到那个结构化、有组织且已经赋予意义的过去。

But it all comes down to, even just the epistemological question of, well, what is knowledge and how do you represent it in the brain, right?

但归根结底， 甚至仅从认识论的角度，就是知识是什么以及你如何脑中呈现它，对吧？

Since science is heavily dependent on empirical  observation for data, the Cartesian sensitivity to epistemological questions has dramatically  enhanced the sophistication of human perception.

由于科学很大程度上依赖于对数据的经验观察，笛卡尔对认识论问题的敏感性极大地提高了人类感知的复杂性。

Buddhism is the only genuinely positive religion to be encountered in history, and this applies even to its epistemology (which is a strict phenomenalism).

佛教是历史上唯一真正实证的宗教， 甚至适用于它的认识论（是一种严格的现象论）。

I'm better now that I've made some decisions about my epistemological outlook on life.

Francis：我现感觉好多了，因为我已经对我对生活的认识论观点做出了一些决定。

And so I got caught up in this, and then I wanted to follow this, except academic philosophy at the time, after first year, stops talking about wisdom and the love of wisdom.

于是我深陷其中，并渴望继续探索，然而当时的学术哲学第一学年后便不再讨论智慧及对智慧的热爱，而是转向了关于元伦学和元认识论的种种争论。

Together, these two developments, metaphysical challenges to the Aristotelian theory of essences and epistemological challenges to the Aristotelian theory of science, created perfect conditions for the rise of new conceptions of knowledge.

些两项发展——对里士多德本质论的形而上学挑战和对里士多德科学论的认识论挑战，为新知识观念的兴起创造了完美的条件。

But one of the things that I want to try to do in the book is put forth an epistemic way of evaluating historical narratives.

但书中，我想尝试做的一件事是提出一种认识论的方法评估历史叙事。

It wasn't as rigorous about its epistemology, about how we form ideas and how we learn.

它对它的认识论、我们如何形成思想和如何学习没有那么严格。

Epistemologically, we are subjects in contact with the world, but it's hard to see how that works.

从认识论的角度，我们是与世界接触的主体，但一过程如何运作却难以解。

So ultimately, this is an epistemological account.

因此，归根结底，是一个认识论的论述。