They found that mature pyramidal-neuron protrusions generated electrical activity when exposed to glutamate, as expected.

他们发现，正如预期那样，成熟锥体神经元暴露谷氨酸中时，其突起会产生电活动。

The distinctive taste comes from the amino acid glutamate.

这种独特味氨基酸谷氨酸。

The main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain is glutamate.

脑部主要兴奋性神经递质为谷氨酸。

GAD helps make gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which regulates motor neurons in the brain.

谷氨酸脱羧酶有助于制造γ-氨基丁酸（GABA），它调节脑中运动神经元。

Glutamate is an amino acid that can be found naturally in all protein-containing foods.

谷氨酸盐是一种氨基酸，所有蛋白质食物中可以找到。

Glutamate binds to NMDA receptors which tell the cell to open up calcium ions channels.

谷氨酸与NMDA受体结合，使细胞钙离子通打开。

One theory is that it's an autoimmune reaction attacking the body's glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) protein.

一种理论认为这是一种攻击人体谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）蛋白身免疫反应。

When new information enters your brain, neurons start firing using existing stores of another neurotransmitter called glutamate.

当新信息进入脑时，神经元就开始利用另一种神经递质——谷氨酸酯进行激活。

And, if the glutamic acid residues of gla-containing proteins are not carboxylated, calcium cannot be properly bound.

如果含谷氨酸残基蛋白没有被羧化，钙就不能被绑定。

Turns out it suppresses glutamate transmission and enhances GABA transmission, so you get less excitation and more inhibition.

结果证明它可以抑制谷氨酸传递并增强伽玛氨基丁酸传递，因此兴奋波减少，抑制作用增强。

Glutamate plays a key role in our digestion, muscle function, and immune system.

谷氨酸对人体消化和肌肉功能以及免疫系统都至关重要。

Alcohol turns up the brain's primary brake, the neurotransmitter GABA, and turns down its primary gas, the neurotransmitter glutamate.

酒精会给脑踩刹车，即提升氨基丁酸水平，使脑更镇静；同时给脑松油门，即降低谷氨酸水平，减弱兴奋度。

Meanwhile, the brain adapts to chronic alcohol consumption by reducing GABA, dopamine, and endorphin transmission, and enhancing glutamate activity.

同时，脑为了适应长期酒精摄入，会降低氨基丁酸、多巴胺及内啡肽传递水平，同时提升谷氨酸盐活动。

Excitatory neurons use glutamate, well inhibitory neurons use GABA.

兴奋性神经元使用谷氨酸，抑制性神经元使用伽玛氨基丁酸。

To do that, they needed to test how the filopodia responded to glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter.

要做到这一点，他们需要测试树突丝对谷氨酸反应，谷氨酸也就是脑主要兴奋性神经递质。

This actually intensifies that umami sensation by up to 15 times compared with glutamate alone.

与单独使用谷氨酸盐相比，可以将这种鲜味增强 15 倍。

Combined with the lack of glutamate, you begin to think very little but with great clarity.

加之缺少谷氨酸，思考变少，但思绪更清晰。

To this end, they poured a soup of " caged" glutamate over the neuron under examination.

为此，他们想要测试神经元上倾倒“被装起”谷氨酸。

First, they had to deliver a controlled flow of glutamate to the particular synapse they wanted to test.

首先，他们必须向想要测试特定突触输送一定量谷氨酸。

Meanwhile, champagne also has free glutamates and nucleotides, but not enough for the synergy.

同时，香槟也有游离谷氨酸盐和核苷酸，但不足以产生协同增效作用。