And they're " naked" because the capsid isn't covered by a lipid membrane.

它们之所以“裸露的”，因为衣壳没有被膜覆盖。

If the plasma membrane is removed, the cell's contents spill into the environment and the cell no longer exists.

如果膜被移除，细胞的内含物会溢出到环境中，细胞就不再存在。

Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

很多普通感冒由鼻病毒引发的，它有一称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不膜结构。

As mentioned earlier, there are genetically determined proteins found on the plasma membrane of your red blood cells.

如前所述，在红细胞的膜上发现了基因决定的蛋白。

Not necessarily. Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid instead of a lipid membrane.

未。很多普通感冒由鼻病毒引发的，它有一称为“衣壳”的几何蛋白结构，而不膜结构。

This transition likely involved the formation of a lipid membrane—perhaps spontaneously forming around RNA and other molecules—creating the first protocells.

变可能涉及膜的形成（可能在 RNA 和其他分子周围自发形成），从而产生了第一个原始细胞。

The alterations in cell volume and shape have been ascribed in part to the induction, within apoptotic cells, of transglutaminase activity.

酶引起胞蛋白的广泛交联，在膜下形成类似于角化鳞状细胞的壳。

However, in bacteria the plasma membrane has other important roles such as respiration, photosynthesis, and the synthesis of lipids and cell wall components.

除此之外，细菌膜还有其他重要的作用，例如呼吸作用、光合作用与和细胞壁成分的合成。

The lipid coating on each nanoparticle fuses with the lipid membrane of a cell and releases the mRNA to do its work.

每个纳米颗粒上的涂层与细胞的膜融合并释放 mRNA 以完成其工作。

Self-assembly is seen in nature in many different places, from lipid membranes to cell structures, so we do know it can be a robust solution.

在自然界中，从膜到细胞结构，我们可以在许多不同的地方看到自组装。所以我们知道一个稳健的解决方案。

The plasma membrane that surrounds each of your red blood cells contains special proteins that are placed there based on your unique genetic makeup.

每个红细胞周围的膜包含特殊的蛋白，些蛋白会根据独特的遗传构成而形成。

Usually, all plasma membranes are selectively permeable barriers which allow certain ions and molecules to pass in and out of the cell while preventing the movement of others.

通常来说，所有膜都选择性渗透的屏障，允许特定的离子与小分子进入或离开细胞，同时阻止其它离子或小分子的运。

All the cells in your body have a plasma membrane with specialized glycoprotein markers on them that act like name tags or labels, sort of like " This cell is Property of Hank."

你体内的所有细胞都有一个膜上面有专门的糖蛋白标记，就像名字标签一样，有点像" 个细胞汉克的财产" 。

Now the plasma membrane is responsible for most of the cell's relationship with the outside world by acquiring nutrients and eliminating waste and also maintains the interior of the bacteria in a constant highly organized state.

细胞与外界环境的交互大部分由膜负责，例如保存养分、排出代谢废物，并保持细菌内部高度稳定的状态。

Underneath the bacterial cell wall, there's the plasma membrane which is the most important layer because it encloses the cytoplasm which is a gel-like substance composed mainly of water that also contains cell components, enzymes, and various organic molecules.

膜存在细菌细胞壁下面，最重要的一层，因为它包裹了胞；胞主要由水组成的凝胶状物，同时也包含细胞成分、酶及各有机小分子。

Underneath the cell wall, there's the plasma membrane which is the most important layer because it encloses the cytoplasm and defines the cell having important roles such as respiration, photosynthesis, and the synthesis of lipids and cell wall constituents.

细胞壁下方膜，而最重要的一层，因为它包围细胞，限制了细胞，具有呼吸、光合作用以及和细胞壁成分的合成等重要功能。