Cellular respiration occurs in three simultaneous phases, where glucose is broken down by glycolysis and other catabolic reactions; and then turned into pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA; and finally ushered into the Kreb's cycle.

细胞呼吸发生在三个同时的阶段，萄糖被糖酵解和他分解代谢反应分解；然后转化为丙酮酸和乙辅酶 A；最后进入克雷布循环。

Some, like many of the B Complex vitamins, make up coenzymes, whose job it is to help enzymes release the energy from food.

有维他命，比如B族，能生成辅酶，它帮助酶从食物释放出能量。

SIRT1 depends on a molecule called NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), and NAD, in turn, depends on the substance called NMN.

SIRT1的合成取决于一种叫NAD（辅酶）的分子，而NAD的合成则取决于一种叫NMN的物质。

Not all of this is gonna get burned off, so a little bit may be left over as citrate.

不是所有的乙辅酶 A 都会被烧掉，有一剩下了的，会变成柠檬酸盐。

Here, patients have a genetic mutation that leads to a deficiency in an enzyme called isovaleric co-enzyme A dehydrogenase.

由于患者基因突变会导致缺乏一种酶，被称为——异戊酸辅酶A脱氢酶。

Pyruvate enters the mitochondria, Mitochondria is like the coal furnace of your cell because it converts the Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA, then burns that in the TCA cycle to produce a bunch of energy in the form of ATP.

丙酮酸进入线粒体，线粒体就像是你的细胞的锅炉，它把丙酮酸转换成乙辅酶 A，然后在三梭循环把它烧掉，以 ATP 的形式来产生一能量。

So the excess of Acyl-CoA, the ethanol, and the ROS species activate an enzyme called JNK1 which is the bridge between metabolism and inflammation.

多余的基辅酶 A，乙醇和活性氧 ROS 会激活一个叫 JNK1 的酶，它是新陈代谢和炎症之间的桥梁。

We convert glucose to pyruvate through the process of glycolysis, and then we convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, which then gets burned, gets oxidized for energy, to produce energy through the krebs cycle.

通过糖酵解过程将萄糖转化为内酮酸盐，人体接着将丙酮酸盐转换成乙酷辅酶 A，后者紧接着被氧化，最后再通过克氏循环转换成能量。

My next serum thing, so that one oil, it's called CoQ10.

我的下一个血清产品，就是一种油，它叫做辅酶 Q10。

So cofactor means used coenzyme, used but not consumed, recycled, that's 99% of it.

因此，辅因子指的是被使用的辅酶，使用但不消耗，可循环利用，部分占了99%。

NAD, short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a coenzyme that occurs naturally in human cells.

NAD， 即烟胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的缩写，是一种天然存在于人体细胞的辅酶。

Coenzyme Q10 is gonna support all of the complexes.

辅酶Q10将支持所有复合体。

If you stopped consuming food, within 6 hours your body will be breaking down glycogen into glucose and fat into acetyl CoA to keep your bioloical processes at work.

如果您停止进食， 您的身体将在 6 小时内将糖原分解为萄糖，并将脂肪分解为乙辅酶 A， 以保持您的生物过程正常运转。

But basically what happens is once we have the cofactors and the coenzymes now we have an enzyme that can actually function.

但基本上就是，一旦我们有了辅因子和辅酶，我们现在就拥有了一个能够正常工作的酶。

And so they use nutrients like amino acids or CoQ10 or other compounds that actually help improve brain function.

因此，他们利用氨基酸、辅酶Q10或他化合物等营养素，物质实际上有助于提升脑部功能。

Under normal conditions, cholinergic neurons in the brain, synthesize acetylcholine from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA) and choline, in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme choline acetyltransferase (CAT).

正常情况下，大脑的胆碱能神经元从乙辅酶A（乙辅酶A）和胆碱，由胆碱酶催化的反应乙转移酶（CAT）。

And then we're going to have coenzymes and those are going to be organic.

然后我们会谈到辅酶，它们是有机的。

It's also high in CoQ10, which is good for muscle health.

它还富含辅酶Q10，有利于肌肉健康。

Then the pyruvate can't be converted into acetyl coenzyme A. So it's not entering into the TCA cycle.

然后丙酮酸就不能转化为乙辅酶A。所以它不会进入三羧酸循环。

And so the two types are cofactors, coenzymes.

因此，两类分别是辅因子、辅酶。