Since the circulatory system is a closed loop, cardiac output and venous return are equal.

由于循环系统是闭环，心输出量和静脉回流血量是相等的。

On average, these patients had hearts pumping out 30% of the optimal volume of blood.

这些患者的心输出量平均为全身血液量的30%。

But it wasn't that the solar output changed.

改变的并不是太阳的输出量。

The heart rate is pretty intuitive, but the stroke volume's a little tricky.

心率非常直观，但每搏输出量的计算有点棘手。

These cuts, and the start up of the Manifa field earlier this year, means that spare capacity, the amount of production that can quickly be brought on stream, is building.

沙特削减的输出量，以及今年初动工的迈尼菲油田，意味这些可以迅速投产的备用产能正在逐步积。

T3 increases cardiac output, stimulates bone reabsorption thinning out the bones and then activates the sympathetic nervous system, the part of the nervous system responsible for our fight-or-flight response.

T3还会引起心输出量增高，刺激骨骼再吸收，引起骨骼变薄并激活交感神经系统；交感神经系统主“或逃”反应。

Severe hypoxia leads to high-output cardiac failure and massive hepatosplenomegaly, resulting in edema all over the body, called hydrops fetalis.

重度缺氧会引起高输出量性心力衰竭和巨大肝、脾，进而出现全身性水肿，称为水肿胎儿。

So, with a little algebraic rearranging, you can see that blood pressure equals blood flow, or cardiac output, times resistance.

通过一些代数的重新排列，你可以看到血压等于血流量，或者心输出量，乘以阻力。

Now, in an average adult, there's about five liters of blood total in the body, which just to be clear is different from the cardiac output we just found, which was amount pumped per minute.

一个普通的成年体内，大约有5升血液，与我们之前算的心输出量不同，那是每分钟心脏泵出的血量。

Four months after the infusion their hearts were pumping an average of 38.5% of the optimal volume, and this had risen to 42.5% a year after the transfusion.

心脏灌注4个月后，心输出量平均为全身血量的38.5%，输入一年后上升至42.5%。

These hormones raise both the heart rate and the blood volume, and therefore cardiac output, while also constricting vessels in less essential regions, increasing the overall resistance, and therefore pressure.

这些激素提高心率和血容量，从而提高心输出量，同时也收缩不太重要区域的血，增加整体阻力，从而增加压力。

Larger pericardial effusions, those over 100ml of fluid, can cause diminished heart sounds, and can even diminish cardiac output leading to shortness of breath, low blood pressure, and lightheadedness.

超过100毫升的大量心包积液可使心音减弱，甚至会降低心输出量，导致呼吸困难、低血压与头晕。

Because of this the kidneys get about a quarter of the cardiac output which is blood getting pumped out of the left ventricle.

因此，肾血流量约占心输出量（左心室输出量）的1/4。

And the stroke volume is a fraction of the total volume.

每搏输出量只是心室总容积量的一小部分。

One major short-term fix to wonky blood pressure comes from your brain, which targets both cardiac output and resistance, by altering the distribution of the blood flow around the body, or by changing the diameter of certain blood vessels.

对不稳定血压的一个主要短期解决方案来自你的大脑，它通过改变身体周围血流的分布或某些血的直径来控制心输出量和阻力。

All right, so if we simplify this guy a little bit, then the amount of blood that's pumped out by either of the ventricles over a period of time is called the cardiac output.

我们稍微简化一下：在一段时间内，任一心室泵出的血液量，称为心输出量。

And again, just like with neural controls, these hormonal controls work by changing vessel resistance and cardiac output.

同样，就像神经控制一样，这些荷尔蒙控制通过改变血阻力和心输出量来工作。

In this case again the stroke volume is low, but the ejection fraction's normal... how's that?

在这种情况下，每搏输出量低，但射血分数显示正常，为什么会这样呢？

This can lead to tamponade physiology which is where the cardiac chambers can't fill with blood properly, causing a decrease in cardiac output - which can be a medical emergency.

这可能导致一种紧急情况，即心脏压塞，表现为心室充盈不足，心输出量降低。

In theory, this means that any change in resistance or cardiac output would also change blood pressure.

理论上，这意味任何阻力或心输出量的变化也会改变血压。