When you learn individual words, you are more likely to translate word by word.

学习单个单词时，更有可能逐字翻译。

The problem is when you're translating all the time and you're translating word by word.

问题是，一直在翻译，而且是逐字翻译的。

Absolutely, anything like numbers, names, places, have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word.

W：然， 像数字、名字、地点之类的东西都必须记下来， 但其余的永远不会逐字翻译。

Then read what exactly this word means, not a word by word translation into your mother tongue but the full description in English which gives a much better explanation.

然后阅读这个词的确切意思，不是逐字翻译成的母语，而是用英语给出的完整描述，给出一个更好的解释。

I would ask a question, they would translate the question into Spanish to check they'd understood, and then give the answer in Spanish and translate back into English, often word by word.

我问一个问题，他们会把问题翻译成西班牙语来确认他们是否听懂了，然后用西班牙语给出答案，并逐字翻译成英语。