If you don't have a protractor to measure with, you can estimate how big it is as long as you remember what a 90 degree angle, 180 degree angle, and 360 degree angle look like.
You can actually, it's hard to show that the Earth is curved, but you can show the Earth is curved using triangles, mountaintops, et cetera, if you have an accurate enough protractor.
And if we actually put a protractor on and start to measure that you can see that the measurement on the left side, between zero and that angle, is going to match exactly the angle on the right side.