Now, Leptospira is a tiny spiral bacteria, that stains poorly with Gram staining, because it doesn't retain the Gram dyes well, so it's classically considered gram-negative.

钩端是一种细小的形病菌，革兰氏染色效果较差，因为它不能很好地保留染色剂，所以通常认为它是一种革兰氏阴性菌。

Alright, as a quick recap, leptospira is a genus of tiny spiral gram-negative bacteria that can be seen under a darkfield microscope.

得！快速回一下：钩端是一种细小的革兰氏阴性菌，它可以在暗视野显微镜中被观察到。

This medium helps identify whether Gram-negative bacteria are lactose fermenters or not.

该类培养基有助于鉴别革兰氏阴性菌是否为酵菌。

It consists of peptidoglycan which usually helps differentiate whether bacteria are gram positive or gram negative.

细胞壁由肽聚组成，通常可以帮助区分细菌的种类，判断它们是革兰氏阳性菌还是革兰氏阴性菌。

They have a cell wall which protects the bacteria, determines whether they are gram positive or gram negative bacteria and also helps maintain their shape.

保护细菌的细胞壁决定了细菌是革兰氏阳性菌还是革兰氏阴性菌，并且参与维持细菌的形状。

In gram negative bacteria it is internal and difficult for penicillin to access.

在革兰氏阴性菌中，它位于内部，青霉素难以接触。

And I was dealing with things like candida overgrowth, gram-negative bacteria overgrowth.

我正在应对念珠菌过度生长、革兰氏阴性菌过度生长等问题。