NK cells kill their target cells by releasing cytotoxic granules in their cytoplasm directly into the target cell.

NK细胞通过释放胞质内的细胞毒颗粒直接进入靶细胞内，来杀死靶细胞。

So how do hormones bind to their target cells?

那么激素是如何与靶细胞结的呢？

So target cells for those kinds of hormones have receptors for them on the outside of their membranes.

所以这些激素的靶细胞在的外面有受体。

Like steroids, thyroid hormone is lipid-soluble, so it crosses the membrane of its target cell to bind inside the nucleus.

像类固醇一样，激素是脂溶性的，所以它穿过靶细胞的与细胞核结。

Since the liver cells seem to be the main cells targeted in Reye's disease, the liver becomes one of the main organs affected.

由于肝细胞是瑞氏的靶细胞，所以肝脏成为了主要的受累器官。

Hormones activate target cells by one of two methods, depending upon the chemical nature of the hormone.

根据激素的化学性质，激素通过两种方法之一激活靶细胞。

Lipid-soluble hormones (steroid hormones and hormones of the thyroid gland) diffuse through the cell membranes of target cells.

脂溶性激素(类固醇激素和激素)经扩散通过靶细胞的细胞。

A hormone is a chemical messenger produced by a cell that effects specific change in the cellular activity of target cells.

激素是细胞产生的一种化学信使，它能引起靶细胞活动的特定变化。

Researchers are exploring various methods, including nanoparticles and viral vectors, to efficiently and safely introduce the CRISPR system into target cells.

研究人员正在探索各种方法，包括纳米粒子和病毒载体，以有效、安全地将CRISPR系统引入靶细胞。

Lipid-soluble hormones, on the other hand, can just basically glide right through that cell membrane, so their receptor sites are inside their target cells.

另一方面，脂溶性荷尔蒙可以直接穿过细胞，所以它们的受体位于靶细胞内。

The target cells and their receptors also move around, so the researchers think the fibers' movement could increase the chance that they'll collide with a receptor.

由于靶细胞和它们的受体也在运动，因此研究人员认为纤维的运动可能会增加它们与受体结的机会。

Because of the specificity of hormone and target cell, the effects produced by a single hormone may vary among different kinds of target cells.

由于激素和靶细胞的特异性，单一激素对不同类型靶细胞产生的作用可能不同。

So, just like some keys can open many locks, while others only work with one, so too can the hormone-target-cell relationship either be widespread or localized.

所以，就像一些钥匙可以打开许多锁，而另一些钥匙只能用一把锁一样，激素-靶细胞的关系也可以是广泛的或局部的。

The CRH makes the very short trip through the bloodstream to the anterior pituitary gland, where, because it's water soluble, it binds to receptors on the outside of its target cells.

CRH 通过血液很短的行程到达垂体前叶，在那里，因为它是水溶性的，它与靶细胞外部的受体结。

These granules contain some molecules that punch holes in the target cell's membrane by binding by binding directly to the phospholipids and creating pores. and some that cause target cells to undergo apoptosis, which is a programmed cell death.

这些颗粒内含一些能在靶细胞上打孔的分子，它们直接与磷脂结，然后穿孔；还有一些能够导致靶细胞凋亡，即程序性细胞死亡。

Either way, when a target cell is activated, the hormone alters its activity, by either increasing or decreasing some of its functions — usually with the goal of maintaining your body's homeostasis in one way or another.

不管怎样，当一个靶细胞被激活时，激素就会改变它的活性，通过增加或减少它的一些功能——通常目的是以这样或那样的方式维持你身体的体内平衡。