Giardia, Shigella, and E. Coli may cause diarrheal illnesses.

鞭毛虫，志贺氏菌，和大肠杆菌可能引起腹泻。

Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water.

而有的细菌只有一根鞭毛。鞭毛的旋转可以推动细菌在水中行进。

Another French term was giardia a type of plant or flower.

另一个法语术语是giardia（贾第鞭毛虫），一种植。

For capturing food, it would use its flagelliform silk gland to build the trap.

如果要捕捉食，它就会用鞭毛状丝腺来制造陷阱。

Matrix producers pump out the extracellular goo, swimmers assemble flagella and are free to move about or migrate, and spore-formers produce dormant, tough endospores that survive starvation, temperature extremes, and harmful radiation.

基质制造者能够分泌细胞外粘性质，鞭毛可以自由活动和迁移，芽孢菌产休眠、坚的孢子内壁，孢子内壁能够在饥饿、极端温度、以及有害射线下存。

Over billions of years of evolution, nature has come up with lots of molecular machines, from whip-like flagella that help cells move, to enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions.

在几十亿年的进过程中，大自然产了许多分子机器，从帮助细胞运动的鞭状鞭毛体到学反应的酶。

It has pili and a single polar flagellum, kind of like a tail, at one end which it uses for movement through the gastrointestinal tract.

它含有菌毛和一条像尾巴的鞭毛；鞭毛可以移动，使其能在胃肠道中移动。

The process by which a spermatid elongates, grows a tail, or flagellum, and officially becomes a mobile sperm is called spermiogenesis.

精子细胞伸长、长出尾巴鞭毛并正式成为移动精子的过程称为精子形成。

Well, choanoflagellates have little flagella that whip back and forth to move them from place to place.

领鞭虫有很小的鞭毛，鞭毛来回摆动，让它们从一个地方移动到另一个地方。

The cells use rotating flagella to propel towards the surface of the rock, which they attach to with the help of sticky appendages.

细胞利用旋转的鞭毛游向石头的表面，然后利用富有粘性的附属附着于石头上。

Leptospira is also a motile bacteria because it has flagella that help it move around.

钩端螺旋体也是一种能动菌，因为它有可以帮助运动的鞭毛。

They can also have flagella which are long, whip-like protrusions that allow the bacteria to move.

细菌表面也有类似鞭子一样的突出，称为鞭毛，它们参与协助细菌运动。

Flagellation was one of  these methods, but there were plenty more as well.

鞭毛是这些方法之一，但还有更多。

As in modern specimens, the fossil sperm lacked a flagellum, or tail.

和现代样本一样，石精子缺乏鞭毛，也就是尾巴。

And when blue light shines onto the eyespot of an algae cell, a channel opens, sending an electrical signal that makes little flagella flap and propels the algae towards sunlight.

当蓝光照射到藻类细胞的眼点上时， 一个通道打开，发出电信号， 使小鞭毛拍打并推动藻类朝向阳光。

It is poison. It is toxic waste. Take water that's got fecal matter, cryptosporidium, giardia, every other kind of organic toxin or inorganic.

这是毒药。它是有毒废。取含有粪便、隐孢子虫、贾第鞭毛虫和其他各种有机无机毒素的水。

Now, how that flagellum beating and how the movement of that structure changes in response to changing flow conditions was completely ignored.

Nosrati：现在，鞭毛的跳动以及该结构的运动如何随着流动条件的变而变被完全忽略了。

A lab found 350 gene families in Choanoflagellates once thought to be exclusive to multicellular animals.

一个实验室在尾鞭毛虫中发现了350个原以为仅存在于多细胞动的基因家族。

Choanoflagellates while single-celled, resemble the specialized cells that line the channels of sponges, which are considered by many to be the most primitive living animal.

尾鞭毛虫虽然是单细胞， 但它们类似于排列在海绵通道中的特细胞，而海绵被认为是现存最原始的动之一。

This included a gene whose protein helps develop neurons and create synapses, and another one that works in the whip-like tail of sperm.

这包括一个编码帮助神经元发育和形成突触的蛋白质的基因，以及另一个在精子鞭毛状尾巴中起作用的基因。