Okay, different nationalities will find pronouncing different phonemes harder than others.

好的，不同国家的人会发现发出不同的音素比其它的要难。

But “la” and “ra” are phonemes that do not exist in the Japanese language.

但是“la”和“ra”是日语中不存在的音素。

Honestly, the day that I auditioned for " X Factor" because before that, that was the first time I ever really performed in front of a large group of people.

老实说，是我参加《X音素》试镜的那天，因为在那之前，那是我第一次真正在一大群人面前表演。

As you can guess, bilingual children keep all the phonemes from both languages, but only if they learn both from infancy.

你所想，双语儿童只有在从婴儿时期开始习两种语时，才能保留来自两种语的所有音素。

You can click on words containing those phonemes, and hear me say them too.

你可以点击包含那些音素的单词，然后听我读。

A 2015 study from Japan looking at two groups of English learners found that indeed, Shadowing made a statistically significant improvement in phoneme perception for both groups.

2015来自日本的一项研究对两组英语习者进行了观察，发现确实此，在统计上，Shadowing 对两组人的音素感知都有显著提高。

And after a certain age what happens is we only focus, like our brain only starts focusing on certain sounds in our target languages.

而在一定龄之后，我们的注意力便仅限于此，大脑开始专注于目标语中的特定音素。

You can test out pressing all of the phonemes and hearing me say those phonemes and say words containing those phonemes.

你可以测试按下所有的音素并听到我的声音说出那些音素并说出包含这些音素的词。

So you know, think of the Geordie Shore or Cheryl Cole, remember she got fired from the X- Factor.

比真人秀《乔弟海岸》，还有被《X音素》炒鱿鱼的评委谢丽尔·科尔。

But once you get the symbols, you build again the phonemes and the words and the sentences of the meeting.

但是一旦你得到了这些符号，你就可以重新构建对话的音素、单词和句子。

But we still have a sense that these are quite small, because of the morphemes -ty and –teen.

但是我们仍然感觉这些都表比较小的数字，因为其中-ty和-teen的音素。

And if you're not seeing any improvement, slow down again, start go back to the sounds again, okay?

果你看不到任何提高，那就慢下来，再次从音素的发音开始。

This is where two phonemes comes togeth and change into a new phoneme which is easier to say.

两个音素合二为一，变成一个新的音素，以方便发音。

For example, the two words " hit" and " heat" differ from each other by only one sound.

例，“hit”和“heat”这两个词彼此之间只有一个音素的区别。

As they develop, they focus only on those used by their native language and essentially lose the ability to hear the rest.

随着他们的发展，他们只专注在母语使用的音素，基本上失去了听到其他音素的能力。

Minimal pairs are two words that differ from each other by only one sound.

最小对立体是指音标中只有一个音素不同，其他音素完全相同的两个单词。

When this study was replicated with 10-12-month-old babies, the Japanese babies could not tell the difference between these uniquely English phonemes, showing that a critical period for recognizing phonemes and brain development is at merely six months old.

当这项研究在10-12个月大的婴儿身上重复进行时，日本婴儿无法区分这些独特的英语音素之间的区别，这表明识别音素和大脑发育的关键时期只有6个月大。

And once you are getting back to using this symbol to phonemes.

一旦你回到使用这个符号的音素。

But, even from Day 1, it can be a super efficient way for improving your pronunciation and at the same time your ability to recognize phonemes in natural language.

但是，即使从第一天开始，它就能非常有效地改善你的发音以及你识别自然语中的音素的能力。

Tongue twisters are an effective and fun way to practise pronunciation by focusing on specific phonemes.

绕口令是一种通过专注于特定音素的有效且有趣的练习发音的方式。