Medulloblastomas originate from embryonic stem cells and they tend to be extremely aggressive.

母胞瘤来源于胚胎干胞，它们往往极具侵袭性。

Because of this, medulloblastomas are typically only classified as grade IV.

因为这一特征，母胞瘤通常只分为IV级。

They started with the more common myeloid cells, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils.

他们首先研究了较为常见的胞，包括单核胞、巨噬胞和中性粒胞。

But the TME gets dominated by immunosuppressive cell types, particularly myeloid cells and stromal cells.

但肿瘤微环境（TME）免疫抑制性胞类型主导，尤其是胞和基质胞。

Overall, the most common malignant tumor is a medulloblastoma, which typically forms in or around the cerebellum, adjacent to the fourth ventricle.

体而言，最常见的儿童恶性脑肿瘤是母胞瘤；它们通常在第四脑室旁的小脑内或周围形成。

Histologically, medulloblastomas often have a feature called Homer-Wright rosettes, which are dense tangles of neurons and neuroglial cells, surrounded by ring-like structures formed by tumors cells.

组织学方面，母胞瘤常具有一种特征，Homer-Wright菊形团：即肿瘤胞核围绕着密集缠结在一起的胞和胶质胞突起排列。

Now, while medulloblastoma may be the most common malignant tumor, the most common primary pediatric tumor is a type of astrocytoma called a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma.

尽管母胞瘤可能是最常见的恶性肿瘤，最常见的儿童原发脑肿瘤是一种星形胞瘤，称为青少年毛胞型星形胞瘤。

For example, as pinealomas, medulloblastomas, and ependymomas enlarge - the mass of the tumor can compress nearby ventricles blocking the flow of cerebrospinal fluid which causes swelling, called hydrocephalus.

例如，随着松果体瘤、母胞瘤与室管膜瘤的增大，巨大的肿瘤可以压迫一旁的脑室，阻断脑脊液的流动，从而引起组织肿胀，称为脑水肿。

These patients had a lot more non-T cell stuff, specifically myeloid cells, you know, the immune system's first responders, but they can also be really suppressive in cancer settings.

这些患者体内有更多非T胞成分，特别是胞——免疫统的第一道防线，但在癌症环境中它们也可能具有很强的抑制作用。